Total Hip Replacement: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
Overview of Total Hip Replacement
An artificial implant is used to replace a damaged or deteriorated hip joint in a total hip replacement, also known as hip arthroplasty. For patients suffering from severe hip pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or fractured hips, this procedure is commonly recommended. Debilitating hip conditions can be alleviated, function restored, and quality of life improved with a total hip replacement.
Preparation
It is important to have a thorough evaluation by an orthopedic surgeon specializing in joint replacement surgery before undergoing total hip replacement. The surgeon will evaluate the individual's medical history, perform a physical examination, and order imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI scans, in order to determine the extent of hip damage. As a result of this evaluation, the surgeon will determine whether total hip replacement is an appropriate treatment option and discuss the risks and benefits with the patient. In addition to optimizing overall health, discontinuing certain medications that may increase the risk of bleeding or complications, and arranging postoperative rehab and care, preoperative preparation may include optimization of overall health.
Procedure
A total hip replacement procedure typically takes several hours to complete and is performed under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision over the hip joint to reveal the damaged hip socket (acetabulum) and femoral head during the procedure. Prosthetic components made of metal, plastic, or ceramic are used to replace damaged bone and cartilage in the hip joint. To recreate the natural hip joint anatomy and restore smooth, pain-free movement, prosthetic components are implanted into the hip socket and femur. The incision is then closed with sutures or staples, and a sterile dressing is applied to the surgical site.
Recovery
To regain strength, mobility, and function after a total hip replacement, the patient must undergo hospitalization, rehabilitation, and physical therapy. An individual in the hospital will receive pain management, medication to prevent blood clots, and assistance with mobility and daily activities. Individuals learn exercises to improve hip flexibility, strength, and range of motion during physical therapy shortly after surgery. The operated leg is usually able to bear weight shortly after surgery, and individuals gradually increase their activity levels under the care of their healthcare providers. A total hip replacement can take several weeks to months to fully recover from, depending on factors such as age, overall health, and adhering to rehabilitation protocols.
Risks
However, total hip replacement does come with certain risks and potential complications, as with any surgical procedure. Infection, blood clots, implant dislocation, nerve or blood vessel injury, and persistent pain or stiffness are among the most common risks. There is an increased risk of complications following total hip replacement for individuals with certain medical conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Those considering this procedure should discuss the potential risks and benefits with their healthcare provider and follow all preoperative and postoperative instructions carefully.
Aftercare
A total hip replacement requires ongoing monitoring of the surgical site, pain management, and following rehabilitation protocols to ensure optimal recovery and healing. In order to aid in mobility during recovery, individuals may be prescribed pain medication, physical therapy, and assistive devices like crutches and a walker. A person's healthcare provider should be notified of any symptoms that are concerning, such as increased pain, swelling, and difficulty walking, at all scheduled follow-up appointments. With proper aftercare and rehabilitation, most individuals experience significant improvements in hip pain and function following total hip replacement, allowing them to resume their normal activities and enjoy a better quality of life.
