Spinal Cord Stimulation: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
Overview
In order to relieve chronic pain in certain parts of the body, such as the back and limbs, spinal cord stimulation is used. The procedure involves implanting an electrical device that interferes with the transmission of pain signals to the brain by delivering electrical impulses to the spinal cord. A reversible, non-destructive pain management approach may be beneficial for individuals who have not found relief through other pain management strategies.
Preparation
Spinal cord stimulation preparation may include:
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To discuss your symptoms, medical history, and treatment options, schedule a consultation with a pain management specialist or neurosurgeon specializing in SCS.
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Assess the underlying cause of your chronic pain, including imaging tests like MRIs and CT scans, to determine if SCS is an appropriate treatment for you.
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Prior to permanent implantation, a trial period with an external SCS device may be recommended to assess its effectiveness in managing your pain.
Procedure
Typically, spinal cord stimulation involves the following steps:
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Local anesthesia will numb the area where the device will be implanted, as well as sedation to keep you comfortable throughout the procedure.
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During implantation, a pain management specialist or surgeon inserts thin electroded leads into the epidural space near the spinal cord under fluoroscopic guidance. Those leads are connected to pulse generators implanted under the skin of the abdomen or buttocks.
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Once the device is implanted, your healthcare provider will program the pulse generator to deliver electrical impulses at specific frequencies and intensities based on your individual pain level.
Recovery
Spinal cord stimulation recovery may include:
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During the procedure, you may need to stay in the hospital for monitoring and pain management.
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Restrictions on Activities: Your healthcare provider may recommend avoiding strenuous activities or heavy lifting for a certain period to allow the surgical site to heal properly.
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Attend scheduled follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor the effectiveness of the SCS device and make any necessary programming adjustments.
Risks
In spite of the fact that spinal cord stimulation is generally considered safe, potential risks and complications may include:
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There is a risk of infection at the implantation site that may require antibiotics or additional treatment.
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Migration of leads or electrodes can affect the effectiveness of SCS therapy.
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A pulse generator device may malfunction or fail over time, requiring surgical replacement or repair.
Aftercare
It is important to follow these steps after spinal cord stimulation is implanted:
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To prevent damage to the implanted device or leads, follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding certain activities.
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Make sure you report any changes in your pain levels or symptoms to your healthcare provider as soon as possible.
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The battery in the pulse generator device will need to be replaced periodically, typically every few years, through a minor surgical procedure.
Individuals can manage chronic pain and improve their quality of life by understanding the overview, preparation, procedure, recovery, risks, and aftercare associated with spinal cord stimulation.
