Plasmapheresis: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
By removing plasma from the blood and replacing it with a substitute solution, plasmapheresis, also known as plasma exchange, is used to treat certain autoimmune disorders and other conditions. By eliminating harmful substances from the blood, this procedure can reduce the symptoms of many illnesses.
Preparation
In preparation for plasmapheresis, patients may need to do the following:
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A thorough medical evaluation will be performed on patients to determine if plasmapheresis is the best treatment for their condition.
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Medications: Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications they are currently taking, as some medications may need to be adjusted or temporarily stopped before surgery.
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In some cases, patients are required to fast overnight before undergoing a procedure.
Procedure
Plasmapheresis typically involves the following steps:
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A healthcare provider inserts one or more intravenous (IV) lines into a patient's veins to allow blood to be removed and returned.
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A centrifuge is used to separate plasma from red blood cells and platelets after blood is drawn from the patient.
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An albumin or saline solution is substituted for plasma, which contains harmful substances or autoantibodies.
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Through the IV line, the remaining blood components, such as red blood cells and platelets, are returned to the patient.
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During the procedure, healthcare providers closely monitor the patient's vital signs and blood pressure.
Recovery
Plasmapheresis patients may experience the following side effects:
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Plasmapheresis may provide immediate relief from some symptoms, while others may require multiple treatments to achieve optimal results.
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After the procedure, patients may feel tired or fatigued, so it is important to rest and avoid strenuous activities.
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To replenish lost plasma, patients are advised to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
Risks
Although plasmapheresis is generally considered safe, it may carry certain risks, including:
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During or after the procedure, some patients may experience a drop in blood pressure, which can lead to dizziness or fainting.
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In rare cases, patients may experience allergic reactions to the substitute solution or anticoagulants used during plasmapheresis.
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Using IV lines or needles during the procedure may cause an infection.
Aftercare
In the aftermath of plasmapheresis, patients may be advised to:
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After the procedure, patients should rest and avoid strenuous activities for a period of time to allow their bodies to recover.
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If complications arise, such as infection or allergic reactions, patients should seek medical attention.
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It may be necessary for patients to schedule follow-up appointments with their healthcare provider to assess treatment response and determine whether additional plasmapheresis sessions are needed.
Patients can maximize the benefits of plasmapheresis and better manage their underlying medical conditions by following recommended aftercare instructions and attending follow-up appointments.
