Peritoneal Dialysis: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
In peritoneal dialysis, waste products and excess fluids are removed from the body in order to treat kidney failure. In contrast to hemodialysis, which filters blood through an external machine, peritoneal dialysis uses a natural filter, the peritoneum. Those with kidney failure can perform this procedure at home or in a healthcare facility, which offers convenience and flexibility.
Preparation
The following steps may need to be taken by patients before starting peritoneal dialysis:
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Based on the patient's overall health, kidney function, and lifestyle, a healthcare provider specializing in kidney care will determine if peritoneal dialysis is the appropriate treatment option.
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Patients and their caregivers will receive comprehensive training on peritoneal dialysis, including catheter care, solution preparation, and infection prevention.
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Peritoneal dialysis catheters are surgically implanted into the abdomen to allow access to the peritoneal cavity for dialysis solution infusion and drainage.
Procedure
Peritoneal dialysis involves the following steps:
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A sterile fluid called dialysis solution, containing electrolytes and glucose, is infused into the peritoneal cavity through a catheter. This solution helps to remove waste products and excess fluids from the bloodstream.
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After infusion, the solution remains in the peritoneal cavity for a prescribed dwell time during which waste products and fluids are exchanged.
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After the dwell time is complete, the used dialysis solution, now containing waste products and toxins, is drained from the abdomen.
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To maintain optimal fluid and waste removal, peritoneal dialysis is performed multiple times throughout the day in cycles, known as exchanges.
Recovery
To minimize the risk of infection and complications, patients should follow proper hygiene practices and catheter care instructions after each peritoneal dialysis exchange.
Risks
Despite the fact that peritoneal dialysis is generally safe and effective, there are certain risks and complications to be aware of, including:
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The peritoneal cavity or catheter site may become infected and require antibiotic treatment or catheter removal.
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Dialysis prescriptions may need to be adjusted if fluid overload or dehydration occurs during dialysis exchanges.
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A hernia occurs when abdominal contents protrude through a weak spot in the abdominal wall as a result of repeated dialysis exchanges.
Aftercare
Following peritoneal dialysis, patients should follow the following aftercare guidelines:
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Maintain proper fluid balance and dialysis adequacy by regularly monitoring blood pressure, weight, and fluid intake.
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Maintain optimal kidney function by following the dialysis schedule and exchange regimen prescribed by your healthcare provider.
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Follow the healthcare team's recommended catheter care guidelines to keep your peritoneal dialysis catheter clean and dry to prevent infection.
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To support kidney function and overall health, follow dietary recommendations, including fluid restrictions, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus.
A patient can improve their quality of life and manage kidney failure effectively by understanding the peritoneal dialysis procedure, following proper technique, and following the proper aftercare guidelines. In order to monitor progress and address any concerns or complications promptly, regular communication with the healthcare team is essential.
