Orthopedic Surgery: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
Overview
The field of orthopedic surgery deals with diagnosing, treating, and managing musculoskeletal conditions and injuries. In addition to bone, joint, muscle, ligament, tendons, and nerves, it encompasses a wide range of surgical procedures. A patient suffering from orthopedic conditions can be relieved of pain, restored to mobility, and improved in quality of life through orthopedic surgery.
Preparation
Patients may undergo preoperative medical tests and evaluations to determine their overall health and fitness for surgery before undergoing orthopedic surgery. A number of steps are involved in ensuring a successful outcome and minimizing complications. A patient may also be advised to discontinue certain medications or supplements that may interfere with the anesthesia or surgical procedure. In the days leading up to surgery, patients may be instructed to fast and to stop smoking and drinking alcohol.
Procedure
There are many types of procedures that fall under orthopedic surgery, such as joint replacement, arthroscopic surgery, fracture repair, spinal surgery, and soft tissue repair. The specific surgical technique and approach used depends on the patient's diagnosis, the severity of their condition, as well as their individual needs and goals. As part of the surgery, the orthopedic surgeon makes incisions and manipulates the affected structures to repair or replace damaged tissue, correct deformities, or stabilize fractures. Depending on the complexity of the procedure and the patient's medical history, surgery may be performed under general anesthesia or regional anesthesia.
Recovery
The recovery from orthopedic surgery depends on the type and extent of the procedure. Following surgery, patients may experience pain, swelling, and discomfort in the operated area, which can be managed with pain medications and icing. To help restore strength, flexibility, and range of motion to the affected joint or limb, physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises are often prescribed. Recovering from surgery can take several weeks to several months, depending on the complexity of the surgery and the individual's overall health.
Risks
As with any surgical procedure, orthopedic surgery carries some risks and potential complications, including infection, bleeding, blood clots, nerve damage, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. By following preoperative and postoperative instructions provided by the orthopedic surgeon, maintaining good overall health, and adhering to a rehabilitation program, complications can be minimized. Patients should discuss any concerns or questions with their orthopedic surgeon before undergoing surgery to ensure they are well-informed about potential risks and benefits.
Aftercare
In order to promote healing and optimize recovery after orthopedic surgery, patients typically receive specific aftercare instructions, such as wound care instructions, activity restrictions, and pain management instructions. To improve strength, mobility, and function in the operated area, physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises are often essential components of the post-operative recovery process. During the recovery period, patients should see their orthopedic surgeon regularly for check-ups and evaluations to monitor their progress and address any concerns.
