Orchiectomy: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
Orchiectomy, also known as orchidectomy or castration, is a surgical procedure to remove one or both testicles from the body. This procedure can be performed for medical purposes, such as testicular cancer treatment or gender affirmation surgery for transgender individuals. For certain conditions, orchiectomy may also be used as a form of chemical or surgical castration.
Preparation
Individuals may need to take the following steps before undergoing an orchiectomy:
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An individual will undergo a thorough medical evaluation in order to determine whether the procedure is necessary and whether they are in good health to undergo surgery.
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To ensure informed decision-making, the surgeon will discuss the risks and benefits of the procedure with the individual.
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The individual may be given instructions on preoperative fasting, medication adjustments, and other preparatory measures.
Procedure
An orchiectomy involves:
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Anesthesia ensures that the individual is unconscious and pain-free during the procedure. The type of anesthesia used will depend on the individual's specific circumstances and preferences.
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The surgeon will make an incision in the scrotum or groin area to access the testicle(s) to be removed. The incision may vary depending on the reason for the orchiectomy and the surgeon's approach.
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Testing: The surgeon will carefully dissect and remove the testicle(s) from the scrotum or groin. The spermatic cord may also be removed.
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A sterile dressing may be applied to the surgical site after the incision is closed with sutures or surgical staples.
Recovery
Immediately following an orchiectomy:
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Depending on the specifics of the surgery and the individual's recovery progress, the length of the hospital stay will vary. Some individuals may be discharged on the same day as the surgery, while others may need to stay overnight.
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You should follow the healthcare provider's pain management instructions and take medications as directed in order to manage any discomfort or pain following the procedure.
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To allow for proper healing, individuals may need to avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting following surgery.
Risks
In general, orchiectomy is considered safe, but it does carry certain risks and potential complications, including:
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There is a possibility of excessive bleeding during or after surgery, but it is rare.
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Surgical site infection may require antibiotics or additional medical treatment if it occurs.
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Swelling or bruising in the scrotal area is common after surgery and usually resolves on its own.
Aftercare
Individuals may need to follow these aftercare instructions after an orchiectomy:
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To prevent infection and promote healing, wound care, including keeping the surgical site clean and dry, is essential.
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The healthcare provider will schedule regular follow-up appointments to monitor healing progress and address any concerns or complications.
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For individuals undergoing an orchiectomy as part of a transgender surgery or cancer treatment, emotional support and counseling may be beneficial to cope with the physical and emotional changes.
It is important that individuals follow the recommended aftercare instructions and attend follow-up appointments after an orchiectomy in order to promote optimal healing and recovery.
