Mastectomy: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
It is commonly recommended for patients with breast cancer or those at high risk of developing breast cancer due to genetic factors to undergo a mastectomy.
Preparation
As part of the preparation for a mastectomy, patients and healthcare providers will take the following steps:
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Diagnostic tests, such as mammograms and biopsies, may be performed to confirm the presence of breast cancer during a medical evaluation.
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Based on individual patient factors and treatment goals, the type of mastectomy (e.g., simple, modified radical, or radical mastectomy) and whether breast reconstruction will be performed are discussed.
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In addition to discussing alternative treatment options, such as lumpectomy or breast-conserving surgery, patients have a detailed discussion with their healthcare team about the risks and benefits of the mastectomy procedure.
Procedure
A mastectomy typically involves the following steps:
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Under general anesthesia, the patient is unconscious and pain-free throughout the procedure.
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Incision: The surgeon makes an incision in the breast tissue to access and remove the breast tissue. The size and location of the incision is determined by the type of mastectomy being performed.
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Surgical removal of the breast tissue, including the tumor and surrounding tissue, may also involve the removal of nearby lymph nodes to assess whether the cancer has spread.
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When the breast tissue is removed, the surgeon closes the incision with stitches or surgical staples. If breast reconstruction is planned, the surgeon may place temporary tissue expanders or implants.
Recovery
During the recovery period following a mastectomy, patients undergo the following:
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A patient may stay in the hospital for one to several days following a mastectomy, depending on the type of mastectomy and whether breast reconstruction is performed. They receive pain medication during this time and are monitored for any complications.
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Following mastectomy surgery, patients may experience discomfort, swelling, and limited mobility in their chest and arms. Recovery may take several weeks to months.
Risks
Despite the fact that mastectomy is generally considered safe, there are risks and potential complications associated with it, including:
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There is a risk of bleeding during and after mastectomy surgery, which may require surgical intervention.
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If a patient has underlying health problems or a weakened immune system, they are at risk of developing a surgical site infection following mastectomy.
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The removal of lymph nodes during mastectomy may cause lymphedema, a condition characterized by swelling and fluid accumulation in the arm or chest.
Aftercare
In the aftermath of a mastectomy, patients require ongoing medical care and support:
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In order to cope with the physical and emotional changes associated with mastectomy, patients may benefit from counseling, support groups, or other resources.
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To monitor healing, assess for signs of recurrence, and address any concerns or complications, patients attend regular follow-up appointments with their healthcare team. In order to maintain breast health for a long time, it is essential to attend medical appointments and undergo recommended surveillance tests.
