Lasik: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
As the name suggests, Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis is a popular refractive surgery procedure that corrects vision problems by reshaping the cornea with a laser. By improving vision acuity, it reduces or eliminates the need for glasses or contact lenses.
Preparation
In preparation for Lasik surgery, patients typically need to do the following:
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Identify your candidacy for Lasik by consulting with an ophthalmologist specializing in refractive surgery. During the consultation, the surgeon will assess the patient's eye health, measure refractive error, and discuss expectations and potential risks.
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Patients with certain eye conditions or corneal abnormalities may not be suitable candidates for Lasik. A comprehensive eye examination will evaluate corneal thickness, pupil size, and other factors that may affect eligibility.
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The medical history must include any preexisting eye conditions, previous eye surgeries, and current medications. Certain medical conditions, such as autoimmune disorders or unstable vision, may affect eligibility for Lasik.
Procedure
Typically, Lasik involves the following steps:
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To ensure patient comfort during the procedure, numbing eye drops are applied prior to surgery. A mild sedative may also be administered to help the patient relax.
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Using a microkeratome or femtosecond laser, the surgeon creates a thin flap in the outer layer of the cornea, which is gently lifted to expose the underlying corneal tissue.
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Based on the patient's refractive error, an excimer laser is used to precisely reshape the cornea's curvature. Nearsightedness is corrected by flattening the cornea, while farsightedness is corrected by steepening it. Astigmatism is corrected by smoothing irregularities in the corneal shape.
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As soon as the corneal reshaping is complete, the surgeon carefully repositions the corneal flap back into its original position, where it adheres naturally without sutures.
Recovery
As a result of Lasik surgery, patients can expect the following recovery process:
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There is usually an immediate improvement in vision after Lasik surgery, although some patients may initially experience some blurriness and discomfort.
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During the first few days following surgery, patients should rest and avoid strenuous activities, including driving and heavy lifting. They should also refrain from rubbing their eyes to avoid dislodging the corneal flap.
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Attend all follow-up appointments with the surgeon to monitor healing progress, assess vision acuity, and address any concerns.
Risks
There are potential risks and complications associated with Lasik surgery, including:
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Some patients may experience dry eyes following surgery, which can be managed with lubricating eye drops.
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Refractive error undercorrection or overcorrection: Certain cases may result in undercorrection or overcorrection of refractive error. Additional treatments may be needed to refine visual outcomes.
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Following Lasik surgery, flap complications, such as flap dislocation or irregular flap healing, may occur.
Aftercare
Following Lasik surgery, patients should follow these aftercare instructions:
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The surgeon may prescribe eye drops to promote healing, reduce inflammation, and prevent dryness. Lubricating eye drops can also relieve discomfort or irritation.
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During the healing process, wear protective eyewear, such as sunglasses, to shield the eyes from bright sunlight.
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Keep all scheduled follow-up appointments with the surgeon to monitor healing progress, assess visual acuity, and address any concerns or complications.
