Kyphoplasty: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
Osteoporosis or spinal trauma may cause vertebral compression fractures, which are treated with kyphoplasty, a minimally invasive surgery. During kyphoplasty, a balloon-like device is inserted into the fractured vertebra and inflated to create a cavity, which is then filled with bone cement to stabilize the fracture and relieve pain.
Preparation
In preparation for kyphoplasty, patients may need to do the following:
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The extent of the vertebral fracture must be assessed with imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI scans before kyphoplasty can be recommended.
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It is essential to discuss the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to kyphoplasty with the healthcare provider.
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Fasting: Follow instructions provided by the healthcare provider regarding fasting requirements before the procedure, which typically entail abstaining from eating or drinking for a certain period of time.
Procedure
Kyphoplasty typically involves the following steps:
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A healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate type of anesthesia based on the individual's preferences and needs.
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Through a small incision in the back, the surgeon inserts a special balloon-like device called a kyphoplasty balloon into the fractured vertebra.
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The balloon is inflated to create a cavity within the fractured vertebra, thereby restoring height and reducing deformity. This also helps to compact fractured bone fragments and create space for bone cement to be applied.
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Upon reaching the desired height, the balloon is deflated and removed, and bone cement is injected into the cavity. The cement hardens quickly, stabilizing the fractured vertebrae and relieving pain.
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The incision site is closed with sutures or adhesive strips, and a bandage may be applied.
Recovery
Patients can expect the following recovery process following kyphoplasty:
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In most cases, patients are discharged from the hospital the same day or the next day after the procedure. However, some individuals may require a longer hospital stay for observation.
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To ensure the treated vertebrae heal properly, patients are advised to refrain from strenuous activities and heavy lifting for several weeks following kyphoplasty. Under the guidance of the healthcare provider, a gradual return to normal activities is typically recommended.
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To manage any residual discomfort during the recovery period, prescription or over-the-counter pain medications may be prescribed.
Risks
There are a number of risks and complications associated with kyphoplasty, including:
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When the procedure is performed under sterile conditions, infection at the incision site or within the treated vertebra is rare.
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In rare cases, nerve or blood vessel damage may cause neurological symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs. This complication may require further evaluation and treatment.
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During kyphoplasty, bone cement can leak into surrounding tissues or blood vessels, resulting in nerve compression or embolism complications. During the procedure, the healthcare provider will take precautions to minimize the risk of cement leakage.
Aftercare
Patients should follow these aftercare instructions after kyphoplasty:
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Attend all follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider to assess treatment outcomes and address any concerns or complications.
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To improve strength, flexibility, and overall spinal health, the healthcare provider may recommend physical therapy or rehabilitation exercises.
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To promote healing and prevent further fractures, take any prescribed medications as directed, including pain relievers and osteoporosis medications.
