Knee Surgery: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
It is a term used to describe a wide range of surgical procedures performed to address injuries to the knee joint, degenerative conditions, and structural abnormalities. These surgeries are intended to relieve pain, increase mobility, and restore function to the knee joint.
Preparation
The following preparations are typically required before knee surgery:
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A comprehensive medical evaluation includes physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays or MRIs), and blood tests to evaluate the knee joint's condition and overall health.
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Patients meet with their surgeon to discuss the details of the procedure, including the risks, benefits, and expected outcomes. Instructions on medication adjustments and preoperative preparations may also be given.
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Patients may be instructed to refrain from eating or drinking before surgery, as well as to discontinue certain medications that could interfere with the procedure.
Procedure
The type of knee surgery performed depends on the underlying condition and the treatment goals. Common types of knee surgery include:
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To diagnose and treat knee conditions, such as torn ligaments, damaged cartilage, or loose bodies, arthroscopy uses a tiny camera (arthroscope) and small surgical instruments inserted through small incisions.
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Surgical procedure that involves removing damaged portions of the knee joint and replacing them with metal or plastic implants.
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A partial knee replacement involves replacing only the damaged portion of the knee joint with artificial implants, preserving healthy bone and tissue.
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Ligament reconstruction in the knee involves the use of tissue grafts or synthetic materials to repair or reconstruct torn or damaged ligaments, including the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
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A knee osteotomy involves cutting and reshaping the bone to relieve pressure on damaged or arthritic areas of the knee joint.
Recovery
Knee surgery recovery varies depending on the type and extent of the surgery. However, common aspects include:
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During hospitalization, patients may receive physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises. Some knee surgeries require a brief hospital stay for postoperative monitoring and pain management.
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Rehabilitation exercises and physical therapy are essential components of knee surgery recovery for improving strength, flexibility, and range of motion. After surgery, patients typically begin physical therapy and continue for several weeks or months.
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In the early stages of recovery, patients may require assistive devices such as crutches, walkers, or braces to support mobility and stability.
Risks
Although knee surgery is generally safe, there are risks and complications associated with it, including:
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The risk of infection at the surgical site or within the knee joint may require antibiotics or additional surgery.
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The risk of blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) or lungs (pulmonary embolism) increases in patients with risk factors such as obesity, immobility, or a history of blood clots.
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An injury to the nerves or blood vessels surrounding the knee joint may result in numbness, weakness, or circulation problems in the affected leg following surgery.
Aftercare
Following knee surgery, patients should follow the following aftercare instructions:
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To manage pain, prevent infection, and reduce the risk of blood clots, take prescribed pain medications, antibiotics, and blood thinners as directed.
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Follow the surgeon's and physical therapist's rehabilitation plan, including performing prescribed exercises, attending scheduled therapy sessions, and gradually increasing activity levels.
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Keep the surgical incision clean and dry, and watch for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or drainage. Consult the surgeon if you notice any concerning symptoms.
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Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with the surgeon to monitor healing progress, assess knee function, and address any questions.
