Hemorrhoid Banding: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
Rubber band ligation, also known as hemorrhoid banding, is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat internal hemorrhoids. By cutting off the blood supply to internal hemorrhoids, small rubber bands are placed around their bases, causing them to shrink and eventually fall off. Symptoms of internal hemorrhoids, including rectal bleeding, itching, pain, and discomfort, can be treated effectively and safely with hemorrhoid banding.
Preparation
Hemorrhoid banding preparation may include the following steps:
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During the medical evaluation, patients are evaluated to determine if they are suitable candidates for hemorrhoid banding, which may include a physical examination, review of their medical history, and possibly diagnostic tests.
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Patients may be advised to modify their diet to include high-fiber foods and increase fluid intake to soften stools and reduce straining.
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It may be necessary to adjust or temporarily discontinue certain medications, such as blood thinners, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or aspirin, prior to the procedure in order to minimize bleeding risks.
Procedure
Hemorrhoid banding typically involves the following steps:
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During the procedure, the patient is positioned comfortably on an examination table, usually in a left lateral decubitus position. Local anesthesia or a topical numbing agent may be used to minimize discomfort.
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By using a specialized anoscope or proctoscope, the healthcare provider visualizes the internal hemorrhoids and places small rubber bands around their bases. Within a few days to a week, the bands reduce the flow of blood to the hemorrhoids, causing them to shrink and eventually fall off.
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In some cases, multiple banding sessions may be necessary to effectively treat all affected hemorrhoids. These sessions are typically spaced several weeks apart to allow adequate healing time.
Recovery
Patients may experience the following symptoms after hemorrhoid banding:
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Immediately following the procedure, mild discomfort, pain, or a feeling of fullness may occur. Over-the-counter pain relievers and topical treatments may help.
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A small amount of bleeding or spotting may occur after hemorrhoid banding, especially during bowel movements. This usually resolves on its own within a few days.
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After the procedure, patients can usually resume normal activities immediately, but they should avoid strenuous exercise and heavy lifting for a few days.
Risks
There are certain risks and potential complications associated with hemorrhoid banding, including:
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Excessive bleeding may require additional treatment or medical intervention in rare cases.
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There is a risk of infection at the site of the banding or in the rectal area.
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If underlying factors such as chronic constipation or straining during bowel movements are not addressed, hemorrhoids may recur after banding.
Aftercare
Following hemorrhoid banding, patients should:
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Monitor healing and assess treatment effectiveness by attending follow-up appointments with their healthcare provider.
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Practice good anal hygiene by gently cleansing the anal area with warm water after bowel movements and avoiding harsh cleansers.
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In order to manage discomfort or pain during recovery, use over-the-counter pain relievers, topical treatments, or sitz baths as needed.
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To prevent constipation and reduce the risk of hemorrhoid recurrence, continue to consume a high-fiber diet, drink plenty of fluids, and avoid straining during bowel movements.
