Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
Overview
In esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), also known as upper endoscopy, the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) are examined. During the procedure, a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope is inserted through the mouth and guided into the digestive tract through the throat.
Preparation
Following are some preparation steps patients may need to take before undergoing an EGD:
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Prior to the procedure, patients are usually required to fast for at least 6 to 8 hours to ensure that their stomachs are empty.
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To reduce bleeding during the procedure, patients may need to adjust their medication schedule, particularly blood-thinning medications.
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To assess their overall health and suitability for the procedure, patients may undergo a medical evaluation.
Procedure
Typically, EGD involves the following steps:
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To minimize discomfort, the patient is usually given sedative medication before the procedure begins.
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Endoscope insertion: The healthcare provider inserts the endoscope through the mouth and gently guides it down the throat.
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As the endoscope is advanced, the healthcare provider examines the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum for any abnormalities.
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During the procedure, small tissue samples (biopsies) may be taken for further examination under a microscope.
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Endoscopes can be gently inflated with air to improve visualization of the digestive tract, and suction can be used to remove excess saliva and fluids.
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The endoscope is slowly removed from the digestive tract once the examination is complete.
Recovery
After an EGD, patients are usually monitored in a recovery area for a short period until the sedative effects wear off. They may experience mild throat discomfort or bloating due to the air used during the procedure. Most patients can resume normal activities shortly after the procedure, but they may be advised to avoid driving or operating machinery until the sedative has worn off completely.
Risks
While EGD is considered a safe procedure, it does carry some risks, including:
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Digestive tract perforation (tear)
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Bleeding
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Reaction to sedative medications
Despite being rare, these risks should be discussed with a healthcare provider before undergoing the procedure.
Aftercare
Patients may be advised to do the following after an EGD:
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Until the sedative wears off, do not eat or drink.
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Due to the effects of sedative medications, do not drive or operate heavy machinery for the remainder of the day.
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Follow any specific post-procedure instructions provided by their healthcare provider, such as limitations on physical activity and medication usage.
Conclusion
As a diagnostic tool for evaluating the upper digestive tract, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and Barrett's esophagus can be identified with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). You should discuss any concerns or questions you have with your healthcare provider before your EGD.
