Epidural Injections: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
Overview
Various conditions, such as spinal stenosis, herniated discs, and sciatica, can be treated with epidural injections. As a result of these injections, inflammation and pain are reduced around the spinal cord and nerve roots by delivering medication directly to the epidural space.
Preparation
Before undergoing an epidural injection:
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To determine the underlying cause of pain and assess their suitability for the procedure, patients undergo a thorough medical evaluation, including physical examination and imaging studies.
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The patient will discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives of epidural injections with their healthcare provider. They may also discuss any medications they are taking and any allergies they have.
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A certain period of fasting may be required before the injection, depending on the type of anesthesia used.
Procedure
The epidural injection procedure typically involves the following steps:
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As the patient lies on their stomach or side on an examination table, the skin over the injection site is cleaned and sterilized.
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During the procedure, local anesthesia is injected into the skin and deeper tissues to numb the area and relieve discomfort. Mild sedation may also be given to help the patient relax.
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The healthcare provider inserts a needle into the epidural space in the spine with the help of fluoroscopy (real-time X-ray guidance) or ultrasound imaging.
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A local anesthetic and a corticosteroid are typically injected into the epidural space after the needle is positioned correctly.
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After confirming proper placement of the medication, the needle is carefully removed, and the injection site may be bandaged.
Recovery
After receiving an epidural injection:
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Patients are monitored for a short time in a recovery area to ensure that there are no immediate complications, such as allergic reactions.
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In order to minimize the risk of complications, patients are typically advised to avoid strenuous activities after the injection.
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Depending on the individual and the specific condition being treated, pain relief from an epidural injection may be immediate or delayed.
Risks
While epidural injections are generally safe, there are potential risks and complications, including:
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A rare case of bleeding may occur at the injection site or within the epidural space.
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The injection site or the spine may become infected.
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During the procedure, nearby nerves or spinal cord structures may be inadvertently injured, resulting in neurological complications.
Aftercare
After receiving an epidural injection, patients should:
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Be vigilant for any signs of infection, such as increased pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site, and contact their healthcare provider immediately.
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Attend follow-up appointments to determine whether additional treatments or adjustments to the management plan are needed after the injection.
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Depending on their healthcare provider's instructions, gradually resume normal activities as tolerated.
By understanding the procedure, risks, and aftercare instructions, patients can make informed decisions and maximize the benefits of epidural injections.
