Bone Densitometry: Overview, Preparation, Procedure, Recovery, Risks, and Aftercare
Overview
An osteodensitometry test, also known as bone density testing or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), measures bone mineral density (BMD) non-invasively. The strength and density of bones are measured to diagnose osteoporosis and assess fracture risk. Healthcare providers use bone densitometry to assess bone health and to determine treatment and prevention strategies for bone-related conditions.
Preparation
An osteodensitometry test usually does not require any special preparation, but patients may be advised to wear loose, comfortable clothing without metal zippers, buttons, or jewelry that may interfere with the test. You must inform your healthcare provider about any recent X-rays or contrast dye procedures, as these may affect the results of your bone densitometry test. Radiation exposure from the test may also pose risks to the fetus if the patient is pregnant or may be pregnant.
Procedure
The bone densitometry procedure is quick, painless, and non-invasive. During the test, the patient lies on a padded table while a specialized machine scans specific areas of the body, usually the hip, spine, or forearm. Approximately 10 to 30 minutes are required to complete the test, depending on the number of areas that need to be scanned. The machine emits low levels of X-rays to measure calcium levels in the bones. To ensure accurate results, patients may be asked to hold still and remain in specific positions during the scan.
Recovery
It is possible for patients to return to normal activities immediately after a bone densitometry test, and there are no specific post-procedure instructions. A follow-up appointment or other communication method may be used to provide patients with the results of the bone densitometry test. If you have any questions or concerns about bone health, osteoporosis, or fracture risk, you should discuss the test results with your healthcare provider.
Risks
There are some risks and potential complications associated with bone densitometry, but it is generally a safe and well-tolerated procedure. Most patients do not experience any radiation exposure during a bone densitometry test, which is considered safe. It is important to discuss the risk of radiation exposure with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or have certain medical conditions or are sensitive to radiation. In addition, patients should inform the healthcare provider if they have metal implants or devices in their bodies, since these could interfere with the test results.
Aftercare
In most cases, patients do not require specific post-procedure instructions or follow-up care after a bone density test. In light of the test results, it is crucial to discuss them with your healthcare provider and follow their recommendations for further testing, treatment, or prevention. For bone health and to reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, patients should maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet containing calcium and vitamin D, and other measures. Patients can maintain strong and healthy bones as they age by being proactive about bone health and following healthcare provider recommendations.
