An abnormal extra electrical pathway in the heart causes rapid heart rate (tachycardia) in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW), a rare heart disorder. This article discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Causes
The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is usually caused by an extra electrical pathway in the heart, known as an accessory pathway. This abnormal pathway bypasses the normal conduction system of the heart, resulting in rapid heartbeats (tachycardia).
Symptoms
The symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome include:
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WPW syndrome is characterized by rapid or irregular heartbeats (palpitations).
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A sudden increase in heart rate may lead to dizziness or lightheadedness during episodes of WPW syndrome.
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A rapid heart rate can cause fainting or loss of consciousness in severe cases.
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During episodes of rapid heart rate, chest discomfort or pain may occur.
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Exertion or rapid heart rate may cause difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
Diagnosis
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, including:
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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect characteristic abnormalities associated with WPW syndrome, such as short PR intervals and delta waves.
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A Holter monitor continuously records the heart's electrical activity over a period of 24 to 48 hours, allowing intermittent arrhythmias to be detected.
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Electrophysiological study (EPS): An EPS is an invasive procedure performed in a cardiac catheterization lab to map the heart's electrical pathways.
Treatment
The treatment options for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome include preventing episodes of rapid heart rate and managing symptoms.
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To control the heart's electrical activity and prevent episodes of rapid heartbeat, antiarrhythmic medications may be prescribed.
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WPW syndrome can be treated using catheter ablation, a minimally invasive procedure performed in a cardiac catheterization laboratory.
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During episodes of rapid heart rate, cardioversion may be performed to restore normal heart rhythm.
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The frequency and severity of WPW syndrome symptoms can be reduced by avoiding triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and stress, as well as maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Prevention
As Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a congenital heart condition, prevention is not possible. However, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications associated with WPW syndrome. In order to monitor their heart health and adjust treatment as necessary, individuals with WPW syndrome might benefit from regular follow-up care with a cardiologist.
