In this article, we'll explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies associated with Wilms tumor, also known as nephroblastoma.
Causes
There is no exact cause of Wilms tumor. However, certain genetic factors and abnormalities have been linked to its development. These factors include:
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A genetic mutation inherited from one's parents or occurring spontaneously may predispose a child to Wilms tumor.
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An increased risk of Wilms tumor is associated with certain birth defects, such as abnormalities in the urinary tract or kidneys.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Wilms tumor include:
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Swelling or mass in the abdomen may indicate the presence of a tumor.
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The growth of the tumor may cause persistent or unexplained abdominal pain.
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Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is sometimes a symptom of Wilms tumor.
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As a result of the tumor's effect on the kidneys, hypertension may develop.
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Children with Wilms tumor may experience fevers unrelated to other illnesses.
Diagnosis
Medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests are typically used to diagnose Wilms tumors, including:
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Tests such as ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRIs can help visualize the kidneys and detect abnormalities.
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For confirmation of the diagnosis, a tissue sample from the suspected tumor can be examined under a microscope.
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Tests of blood and urine can be performed to detect any abnormalities associated with Wilms tumors and assess kidney function.
Treatment
Surgical, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are often used to treat Wilms tumors. Treatment options may include the following, depending on the stage, size, and location of the tumor, as well as the child's overall health.
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Surgical removal of the tumor and affected kidney (nephrectomy) is typically the main treatment for Wilms tumor.
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During or after surgery, chemotherapy drugs are administered to shrink the tumor, destroy cancer cells, and reduce the risk of recurrence.
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Occasionally, radiation therapy is used to target and kill cancer cells left behind after surgery or to treat tumors that cannot be removed surgically.
Prevention
A Wilms tumor cannot be prevented because its exact cause is unknown. However, certain factors may reduce the risk of developing Wilms tumor or detect it at an early stage.
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The risk of inherited genetic mutations may be assessed through genetic counseling and testing for families with a history of Wilms tumor or other kidney cancers.
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It is possible to detect Wilms tumor at an early stage by having regular medical check-ups and screenings, improving the chances of successful treatment.
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It may be possible to reduce the risk of certain birth defects and childhood cancers, including Wilms tumor, by avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals or substances during pregnancy.
