An overview of uveitis, covering its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, is presented here. Uveitis is an inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye.
Causes
There are several factors that can cause uveitis, including:
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Disorders involving the immune system, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and Crohn's disease, can trigger uveitis.
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Uveitis can be caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections. These infections can affect the eye directly or arise from other parts of the body.
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Inflammation of the uvea can occur as a result of trauma to the eye.
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Uveitis can be caused by exposure to certain toxins or chemicals.
Symptoms
Uveitis symptoms can vary depending on which part of the uvea is affected and the underlying cause. Common symptoms include:
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Redness of the eye: The affected eye may appear red or bloodshot.
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Uveitis can cause eye pain, which may range from mild to severe and worsen with movement of the eyes.
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The vision may become blurry or cloudy.
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Uveitis is often characterized by photophobia, or sensitivity to light.
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Dark spots or floaters may appear in your field of vision.
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Discharge from the affected eye may occur in some individuals.
Diagnosis
A comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist is typically required to diagnose uveitis. Diagnostic tests may include:
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A visual acuity test is used to determine how clear your vision is.
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A slit-lamp examination uses a microscope with a bright light to examine the eye structures.
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Measurement of intraocular pressure: A high intraocular pressure can indicate glaucoma complications.
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Examining the retina and optic nerve with a dilated pupil allows for a more thorough examination.
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To check for underlying systemic conditions, blood tests are performed.
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An ultrasound or MRI may be used to visualize the eye's internal structures.
Treatment
It is important to reduce inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and prevent complications. Treatment options include:
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Inflammation is often treated with eye drops or ointments containing corticosteroids.
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NSAIDs or immunosuppressive medications may be prescribed orally.
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Medications injected directly into the eye may be necessary in cases of severe inflammation.
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Cataracts and glaucoma may require surgical intervention in some cases.
Prevention
Uveitis cannot always be prevented, but certain measures may help reduce the risk:
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Uveitis and other eye conditions can be detected early with routine eye examinations.
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Managing underlying health conditions may lower the risk of uveitis.
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Wear protective eyewear during activities that may cause eye injuries.
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Maintain a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and avoid smoking to support your overall eye health.
