Here's a straightforward look at the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urethral stricture, a narrowing of the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside.
Causes
There are a number of factors that can cause urethral stricture, including:
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An injury or trauma to the pelvis, such as a fracture or a catheter insertion, can result in scarring and narrowing of the urethra.
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A gonorrhea or chlamydia infection can cause inflammation and scarring of the urethra, resulting in a stricture.
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Certain medical procedures, such as urethral surgery or radiation therapy for prostate cancer, can cause urethral scarring and strictures.
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A condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes the urethra to narrow due to enlargement of the prostate gland.
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Urethral strictures may be idiopathic in some cases.
Symptoms
A urethral stricture may cause the following symptoms:
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Decreased urine flow, straining during urination, or a weak or interrupted urine stream are all symptoms of difficulty urinating.
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The need to urinate frequently, especially at night (nocturia).
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A sudden and strong urge to urinate, often with difficulty initiating it.
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Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying after urination.
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Symptoms include pain or burning during urination, as well as pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis.
Diagnosis
A urethral stricture is diagnosed by:
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A healthcare provider will ask the patient about their symptoms, medical history, and previous procedures or injuries to the urinary tract.
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To assess for signs of urethral stricture, a thorough physical examination may be conducted, including a genital examination.
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An analysis of a urine sample can be performed to check for signs of infection or blood.
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In order to visualize the structure of the urethra and identify any narrowing or blockage, imaging studies such as ultrasound, urethrography, or cystoscopy may be ordered.
Treatment
There are several treatment options available for urethral stricture, including:
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Urethral dilation involves stretching the narrowed portion of the urethra with specialized instruments. It may need to be repeated periodically to keep the urethra open.
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A urethrotomy involves making incisions in the scar tissue to widen the urethra. It may be performed with a laser or a cutting instrument.
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In complex or recurrent strictures, an urethroplasty may be necessary to reconstruct the urethra and remove scar tissue.
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Stents or grafts may be placed to keep the urethra open and improve urine flow in some cases.
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The symptoms of urethral stricture may be relieved with medications such as pain, inflammation, or urinary tract infections.
Prevention
The following steps should be taken to prevent urethral stricture:
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Using condoms and practicing safe sex can help reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections that can cause urethral strictures.
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Using protective equipment during sports or avoiding risky activities can reduce the risk of urethral stricture by preventing injury or trauma to the pelvis area.
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Urinary tract infections or sexually transmitted infections should be treated promptly to prevent complications such as urethral strictures.
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Regular medical check-ups can help detect urethral stricture early and prevent complications, particularly for people with risk factors such as prostate enlargement or previous urethral procedures.
