Introduction
A urachal cyst is a rare condition that occurs when part of the urachus, a structure connecting the bladder to the umbilical cord during fetal development, fails to close properly after birth. Occasionally, this can lead to a fluid-filled cyst forming along the urachus, which may become infected.
Causes
A urachal cyst forms due to incomplete closure of the urachus after birth. Normally, the urachus seals off and becomes a ligament connecting the bladder to the abdominal wall. However, if part of the urachus remains open, it can develop into a cyst. This issue is a congenital issue, which means that it occurs at birth. However, it is not fully understood why it does not close.
Symptoms
Most urachal cysts remain asymptomatic, especially in childhood. However, symptoms may arise if the cyst becomes infected or enlarges.
-
Cysts may cause abdominal pain, especially in the lower abdomen or near the navel.
-
The area around the cyst may become tender and swollen if it becomes infected or inflamed.
-
When an infection occurs, a fever may develop.
-
An infected cyst may discharge pus or fluid from the umbilicus (belly button) if it becomes infected.
-
Irritation of the bladder may cause symptoms such as difficulty urinating or an increased need to urinate.
Diagnosis
Clinical evaluation and imaging tests are typically used to diagnose urachal cysts:
-
During a physical examination, the doctor may feel tenderness or swelling in the lower abdomen or near the navel.
-
Usually, an ultrasound is used to visualize the cyst and confirm its location along the urachus.
-
An MRI or CT scan can provide more detailed information about the cyst's size and nature, especially if infection or complications are suspected.
-
To rule out other conditions, urine tests may be performed if urinary symptoms or an infection are present.
Treatment
An infected or symptomatic urachal cyst requires the following treatment:
-
Cysts that become infected require antibiotic treatment.
-
The definitive treatment for urachal cysts is surgical excision, which involves removing the cyst and remaining urachal tissue.
-
The cyst may need to be drained before surgery if an infection has caused an abscess.
-
Follow-up care after surgery typically includes monitoring for infection and ensuring proper wound healing.
Prevention
The formation of urachal cysts is a congenital condition, so there is no known way to prevent it. Regular medical check-ups can help identify any signs of a cyst early on, which can prevent complications like infection or abscess formation.
Conclusion
An urachal cyst is a rare congenital condition that can lead to complications if it becomes infected or symptomatic. When symptoms develop, treatment is usually necessary, usually by surgical removal of the cyst. For infection prevention and good health outcomes, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential.
