Inflammation of the spinal cord is the hallmark of transverse myelitis, a rare neurological disorder. We will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of transverse myelitis in this blog post. This condition can cause mild discomfort to severe paralysis.
Causes
The exact cause of transverse myelitis is unknown, but it is believed to be caused by an autoimmune reaction, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the spinal cord.
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Infections caused by viruses such as herpes, influenza, or Epstein-Barr
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Infections caused by bacteria or fungi
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Multiple sclerosis and lupus are immune system disorders
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Spinal cord injury or trauma
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Vaccinations and medications
Symptoms
Symptoms of transverse myelitis can develop suddenly or gradually over a period of hours to days.
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Numbness, tingling, or burning sensations
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Paralysis or weakness of muscles, usually affecting both sides of the body
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Inability to control bladder or bowel movements
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Back, neck, or limb pain
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Walking or coordinating movements is difficult
Inflammation in the spinal cord may cause different symptoms depending on its location and severity.
Diagnosis
A comprehensive evaluation of symptoms, medical history, and diagnostic tests is required to diagnose transverse myelitis. Diagnostic tests may include:
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Motor and sensory functions are assessed during a neurological examination
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Inflammation or damage to the spinal cord is visualized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine
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A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is performed to examine the cerebrospinal fluid for signs of inflammation or infection.
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To rule out other potential causes of symptoms, blood tests should be performed
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Nerve and muscle function are evaluated with electromyography (EMG)
To determine the cause of transverse myelitis and guide appropriate treatment, a thorough diagnostic workup is essential.
Treatment
Transverse myelitis is treated to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, and prevent complications. Treatment options may include:
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Reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system with high-dose corticosteroids
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To remove harmful antibodies from the blood, plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) is performed
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Medications to alleviate discomfort or neuropathic pain
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The purpose of physical therapy is to improve mobility, strength, and coordination
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Supporting activities of daily living with assistive devices or mobility aids
To address residual symptoms or complications, individuals may require long-term rehabilitation or ongoing medical management.
Prevention
In order to prevent transverse myelitis, prevention strategies focus on reducing infections and maintaining overall health. Some prevention measures include:
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Handwashing frequently and avoiding close contact with sick individuals are examples of good hygiene
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Preventing vaccine-preventable infections by staying up-to-date with vaccinations
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Managing chronic infections or autoimmune disorders
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Toxins and environmental triggers should be avoided
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A healthy lifestyle includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate rest
