Torticollis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Torticollis is a condition that affects the neck muscles, causing them to contract and twist the head to one side. This condition can occur at birth, or develop later in life. Torticollis can cause pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving the head normally. In this post, we will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of torticollis.
Causes of Torticollis
There are two main types of torticollis: congenital and acquired.
Congenital Torticollis
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is shortened or tightened when a baby is born with congenital torticollis. It connects the back of the skull with the collarbone and breastbone. It is unclear what causes congenital torticollis, but it may be related to the following:
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Crowding in the womb during pregnancy
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Trauma or bleeding in the muscle during childbirth
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Abnormal development or disease of the muscle
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Genetic factors
Acquired Torticollis
Acquired torticollis is when the neck muscles become contracted or spasm later in life due to various reasons, such as:
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Injury or inflammation of the neck muscles or joints
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Infection of the throat or neck lymph nodes
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Medications that affect the nervous system or muscles
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Neurological conditions, such as dystonia, that cause involuntary muscle contractions
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Vision problems that cause the head to tilt to see better
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Reflux or vomiting that irritate the esophagus or stomach
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Tumors or bleeding in the cervical spine
Symptoms of Torticollis
Torticollis is characterized by abnormal head and neck position, which can vary in severity and duration. Torticollis may also cause the following symptoms:
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Neck pain and tenderness
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Headache
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Reduced range of motion of the neck
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Difficulty turning or tilting the head
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Uneven shoulder height
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Facial asymmetry
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Lump or swelling in the neck muscle
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Tremor or shaking of the head
Diagnosis of Torticollis
To diagnose torticollis, a doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical examination. In addition to examining the head and neck movements, posture, and alignment, the doctor may also order some tests to determine whether there are any signs of tightness, swelling, tenderness, or weakness in the neck.
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X-rays, to look for bone abnormalities or fractures
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MRI, to look for soft tissue problems or tumors
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Electromyography (EMG), to measure the electrical activity of the muscles
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Blood tests, to check for infection or inflammation
Treatment of Torticollis
Treatment for torticollis depends on the type, cause, and severity of the condition. The main goals are to alleviate pain, restore normal head and neck movement, and prevent complications.
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Medications, such as pain relievers, muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatory drugs, or botulinum toxin injections, to reduce muscle spasms and pain
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Physical therapy, such as stretching, massage, heat, ultrasound, or electrical stimulation, to loosen and strengthen the neck muscles
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Exercises, such as neck rotations, tilts, and chin tucks, to improve the range of motion and posture of the neck
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Braces, splints, or collars, to support and stabilize the neck
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Surgery, in rare cases, to release or lengthen the affected muscle or to correct bone deformities
Prevention of Torticollis
Some cases of torticollis may not be preventable, especially if they are caused by congenital or genetic factors. However, some general tips can be helpful:
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Avoiding or treating neck injuries or infections
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Using proper posture and ergonomics when working, studying, or using devices
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Taking breaks and changing positions frequently when sitting or standing for long periods
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Sleeping on a firm and comfortable pillow that supports the neck
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Doing regular neck exercises and stretches to maintain flexibility and strength
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Consulting a doctor before taking any medications that may affect the muscles or nerves
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Seeking medical attention promptly if you notice any signs or symptoms of torticollis
Any individual can be affected by torticollis at any age. It can cause discomfort, disability, and cosmetic problems. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most cases of torticollis can be managed and resolved over time. Talk to your doctor or a qualified health professional if you have any questions or concerns about torticollis.
