The Tarlov cyst is a fluid-filled sac that usually develops along the spinal cord's nerve roots, also known as a perineural cyst. Although Tarlov cysts are not fully understood, they may cause neurological symptoms and discomfort. This article discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Tarlov cysts.
Causes:
Several factors may contribute to the development of Tarlov cysts, including:
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An abnormality in the nerve sheath or the surrounding tissues can cause Tarlov cysts to develop at birth.
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Injuries or trauma to the spine can cause Tarlov cysts.
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Tarlov cysts may develop over time as a result of degenerative changes in the spine.
Symptoms:
A Tarlov cyst may not always cause symptoms and may only be detected incidentally during imaging tests for unrelated conditions. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:
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Back pain in the lower back
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A feeling of numbness or pain in the buttocks, legs, or feet
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Leg weakness or tingling
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Dysfunction of the bladder or bowel
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Dysfunction in sexual relations
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Migraines or headaches
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Walking or standing for long periods of time is difficult
Diagnosis:
Typically, Tarlov cysts are diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies. Diagnostic procedures may include:
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Inquiry about symptoms and physical examination: A healthcare provider will assess neurological function by asking about symptoms.
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The most effective imaging modality for visualizing Tarlov cysts and assessing their size and location is MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
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In order to evaluate nerve function and rule out other neurological conditions, electromyography (EMG) or nerve conduction studies may be performed.
Treatment:
In order to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life, Tarlov cysts may be treated with:
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Pain management techniques, physical therapy, and activity modification may provide symptomatic relief.
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To relieve pressure and reduce symptoms, fluid may be aspirated or drained from the cyst using a needle guided by imaging techniques.
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Different surgical techniques may be employed, such as cyst fenestration, cyst wall excision, or cyst resection, to remove large or symptomatic cysts that do not respond to conservative measures.
Prevention:
Because the exact cause of Tarlov cysts is unclear, specific prevention strategies are difficult to define. However, individuals can minimize the risk of spinal injuries and trauma by:
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Lifting heavy objects or performing physical activities with good posture and body mechanics.
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The use of proper safety equipment during sports and recreational activities can prevent spinal injuries.
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In case of spinal cord or nerve root compression, seek immediate medical attention.
