When the synovial membrane, which lines the joints and produces synovial fluid, becomes inflamed, synoviitis occurs. This inflammation can lead to pain, swelling, and stiffness in the affected joint, causing discomfort and decreased mobility. For synovitis to be effectively addressed, it is essential to understand its causes, recognize its symptoms, and seek appropriate treatment.
Causes
Various factors can cause synovitis, including:
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Inflammation of the synovial membrane can be triggered by direct trauma to a joint, such as a sprain, strain, or repetitive stress injury.
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Synovitis is caused by bacterial or viral infections, such as septic arthritis or viral arthritis.
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A chronic inflammatory condition caused by the immune system, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or psoriatic arthritis.
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Deposition of crystals, such as uric acid crystals in taste or calcium pyrophosphate crystals in pseudogout, can cause synovitis.
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Inflammation can be caused by repetitive motion or overuse of a joint.
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Synovitis can also be caused by certain medical conditions, such as osteoarthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or inflammatory bowel disease.
Symptoms
Synovitis symptoms vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of inflammation. Common symptoms include:
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Pain in the joints, especially when moving or applying pressure
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Joint swelling or enlargement
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Reduced range of motion or stiffness
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The affected joint may feel warm or red
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A joint effusion is an accumulation of fluid within the joint
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Joint tenderness or sensitivity to touch
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Inflammation may cause acute or chronic symptoms, depending on the underlying cause.
Diagnosis
Typically, synovitis is diagnosed based on a medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.
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Providers will review the individual's medical history, including any previous injuries, medical conditions, or symptoms of joint inflammation.
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Examination: The affected joint(s) will be thoroughly examined for signs of inflammation, swelling, tenderness, or limited range of motion.
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X-rays, ultrasounds, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to visualize the affected joint and assess for signs of synovitis, such as joint effusions.
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To help differentiate between infectious and non-infectious causes of synovitis, blood tests can be performed, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
Treatment
A common treatment option for synovitis includes reducing inflammation, alleviating symptoms, and addressing the underlying cause.
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Inflammation can be reduced and healing promoted by resting the affected joint and avoiding activities that exacerbate the symptoms.
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In order to alleviate pain and reduce swelling, ice packs or warm compresses can be applied to the affected joint.
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Pain and inflammation associated with synovitis may be reduced with over-the-counter NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen.
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Injections of corticosteroids directly into the affected joint can provide powerful anti-inflammatory effects and relieve synovitis symptoms.
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The goal of physical therapy is to improve joint flexibility, strength, and function, as well as prevent recurrence of symptoms.
Prevention
There are several strategies for preventing synovitis, including addressing underlying risk factors and practicing healthy joint habits.
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Avoid overuse or repetitive strain on joints by using proper techniques and equipment when participating in physical activities or sports.
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Healthy weight: Excess weight can place added stress on joints and increase the risk of inflammation and synovitis, especially in weight-bearing joints like the knees or hips.
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Prevent complications from synovitis by controlling underlying conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or autoimmune disorders.
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Maintaining good joint hygiene involves maintaining correct posture, using ergonomic equipment, and taking breaks to rest and stretch joints during prolonged periods of activity or immobility.
