There is a common eye condition known as subconjunctival hemorrhage, which occurs under the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye. Despite appearing alarming, subconjunctival hemorrhage is typically harmless and does not affect vision. To manage this condition effectively, it is essential to understand its causes, recognize its symptoms, diagnose it accurately, and implement effective treatments and prevention measures.
Causes
Subconjunctival hemorrhages often occur spontaneously without a known cause. However, they can be triggered by a number of factors, including:
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Injury to the eye or surrounding area, such as rubbing the eyes forcefully or undergoing eye surgery, can rupture small blood vessels.
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A subconjunctival hemorrhage can occur as a result of straining, such as coughing, sneezing, vomiting, or lifting heavy objects.
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Certain medical conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, blood clotting disorders, or vascular abnormalities, can increase the risk of spontaneous eye bleeding.
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Blood thinners or anticoagulant medications may increase the risk of bleeding episodes, including subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Symptoms
A subconjunctival hemorrhage is characterized by sudden appearance of bright red patches or streaks on the white part of the eye (sclera). Other symptoms include:
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There is no pain or discomfort
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There is no change in vision or disturbance in vision
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When bleeding occurs near the cornea, the eye feels scratchy or foreign
Subconjunctival hemorrhages usually resolve on their own without causing any long-term problems.
Diagnosis
Healthcare providers may perform the following tests to confirm the diagnosis of subconjunctival hemorrhage:
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Examining the eye with a slit lamp or magnifying device to determine the extent and location of bleeding.
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Obtaining information about recent trauma, straining activities, or underlying medical conditions that may contribute to subconjunctival hemorrhage.
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Blood tests or imaging studies may be performed in rare cases to evaluate underlying health conditions or bleeding disorders.
Treatment
A subconjunctival hemorrhage usually resolves on its own within a few days to weeks without treatment. However, individuals may consider these measures to promote healing:
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Reduce swelling and discomfort by applying a cold compress or ice pack to the affected eye.
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Refrain from rubbing or touching the affected eye to avoid further irritation.
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Artificial tears or lubricating eye drops may relieve the dryness and discomfort associated with subconjunctival hemorrhage.
A healthcare provider may recommend specific treatments tailored to the individual's needs if subconjunctival hemorrhage is associated with an underlying medical condition.
Prevention
Individuals can reduce their risk of subconjunctival hemorrhage by taking the following precautions:
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Be careful when engaging in activities such as sports or manual labor that pose a risk of eye injury.
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Reduce the risk of spontaneous bleeding episodes by controlling blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and other medical conditions.
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When participating in activities with potential eye hazards, wear protective eyewear, like goggles or safety glasses.
