Despite not being considered a serious health threat, pubic lice can cause discomfort and embarrassment to the genital area. Pubic lice, also referred to as crab lice, are tiny parasitic insects that infest the hair in the genital area. For effective management and prevention of pubic lice, it is crucial to understand its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Causes
Public lice typically spread through close personal contact, including sexual activity. Sharing bedding, clothing, or towels with an infested person can also cause transmission. Public lice cannot jump or fly, so direct contact is essential to spread them.
Symptoms
An infestation of pubic lice may cause the following symptoms:
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Genital itching, which is often worse at night.
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In the pubic area, lice or their eggs (nits) are visible.
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Lice bites can cause blue or tiny blood spots on the skin.
Diagnosis
A healthcare professional usually diagnoses pubic lice by visually inspecting the affected area. The presence of lice or their eggs on the hair shaft confirms the diagnosis. A magnifying lens may be used to identify lice in some cases.
Treatment
Common treatment options for pubic lice infestations include topical medications that kill the lice and their eggs.
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A lotion or shampoo containing permethrin or pyrethrin that is applied to the affected area and left on for a specified period.
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When over-the-counter treatments do not work, prescription-strength medications, such as malathion or ivermectin, may be recommended.
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To kill lice and eggs, all clothing, bedding, and towels should be washed in hot water and dried on high heat.
Prevention
Practice safe sexual behaviors and avoid close personal contact with infested individuals to prevent pubic lice infestation. Other preventive measures include:
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Reduce the risk of transmission by using condoms during sexual activity.
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Clothing, towels, and bedding should not be shared with others.
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Checking the genital area regularly for signs of infestation, especially after close contact with an infected individual.
