Prolactinoma is a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland that causes overproduction of the hormone prolactin. This condition primarily affects women, but men can also develop it. Here's a straightforward guide to understanding prolactinoma, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Causes
A prolactinoma is often caused by abnormalities in the pituitary gland. Genetics, hormone imbalances, and certain medications may also contribute to its development.
Symptoms
Prolactinoma symptoms vary depending on the size of the tumor and blood prolactin levels. Common symptoms include:
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Menstrual irregularity or menstrual loss in women
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Fertility problems
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Libido decreases
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Men with erectile dysfunction
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Women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding produce breast milk
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Tenderness of the breast
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Symptoms of headaches
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Problems with vision
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Tiredness
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Gaining weight
Diagnosis
A combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests is used to diagnose prolactinoma. MRI or CT scans can be used to visualize the pituitary gland, as well as visual field tests to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the tumor.
Treatment
The treatment options for prolactinoma aim to reduce prolactin levels, shrink the tumor, and alleviate symptoms. These options include:
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To lower prolactin levels and shrink tumors, dopamine agonists such as cabergoline or bromocriptine are commonly prescribed.
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When medications are ineffective or complications such as vision loss occur, surgery may be necessary to remove the tumor.
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For larger tumors or tumors that do not respond to medication or surgery, radiation therapy may be recommended.
Prevention
The exact cause of prolactinoma is often unclear, so preventative measures are not available. In order to detect and manage prolactinoma early, it is important to maintain overall good health and address any symptoms that suggest hormonal imbalance or pituitary disorder.
