Gestational hypertension, also known as pregnancy-induced hypertension, is a condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy. Here's what you need to know about its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention:
Causes
There is no clear explanation of what causes pregnancy-induced hypertension, but it is believed that it involves disruptions in normal blood pressure regulation. Pregnant hypertension may be caused by a number of factors, including poor diet, obesity, pre-existing hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, multiple pregnancies (such as twins or triplets), and first-time pregnancies.
Symptoms
Symptoms of pregnancy-induced hypertension include high blood pressure (systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher and diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher), proteinuria (protein in the urine), swelling of the hands, face, or feet (edema), headache, blurred vision, nausea or vomiting, abdominal pain, and shortness of breath. Preeclampsia, which is characterized by severe headaches, visual disturbances, and organ dysfunction, can develop from pregnancy-induced hypertension in some cases.
Diagnosis
Pregnancy-induced hypertension is diagnosed by monitoring blood pressure and assessing for signs of organ dysfunction. Prenatal visits are typically used to monitor for changes indicative of hypertension, and urine tests may be performed in order to detect proteinuria, a common sign of hypertension caused by pregnancy. To assess fetal well-being or evaluate complications, additional tests may be ordered, such as blood tests, ultrasounds, or fetal monitoring.
Treatment
As part of pregnancy-induced hypertension treatment, both mother and baby are protected from complications. To control blood pressure in mild cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension, lifestyle changes such as dietary changes, adequate rest, and regular prenatal care may be recommended. If complications occur, antihypertensive drugs may be prescribed to reduce the risk of complications and lower blood pressure in more severe cases. Healthcare providers must monitor closely to ensure timely intervention and appropriate management.
Prevention
Preventing pregnancy-induced hypertension may involve maintaining a healthy lifestyle before and during pregnancy, such as regular exercise, balanced nutrition, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and managing pre-existing medical conditions like hypertension or diabetes. It is imperative to receive regular prenatal care to monitor blood pressure, detect early signs of hypertension, and address complications or risk factors. Pregnancy-induced hypertension can be detected early and managed to minimize complications and ensure the best outcome for both mother and baby.
