It is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by muscle weakness and inflammation. Here is a concise overview of its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention:
Causes
The exact cause of polymyositis is unknown, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy muscle tissue. The development of polymyositis may be influenced by genetic factors and environmental factors, but specific triggers have yet to be identified.
Symptoms
In addition to muscle weakness, polymyositis can also cause muscle pain, tenderness, and fatigue, particularly in the shoulders, hips, thighs, and upper arms. In severe cases, individuals may experience difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or breathing because of muscle involvement. Weakness may affect daily activities such as climbing stairs, rising from a seated position, and lifting objects.
Diagnosis
During a physical examination, healthcare providers assess the patient's symptoms, muscle strength, and range of motion. A combination of medical history review, physical examination, and laboratory tests are used to diagnose polymyositis. A higher level of creatine kinase (CK) and autoantibody levels (such as anti-Jo-1 antibodies) can indicate muscle damage and autoimmune activity in individuals with polymyositis. Muscle function can also be evaluated and diagnosed using electromyography (EMG) and muscle biopsy.
Treatment
As the first-line treatment for polymyositis, corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are prescribed in order to reduce muscle inflammation and improve muscle strength. If an individual does not respond adequately to corticosteroid therapy or has steroid-related side effects, immunosuppressive medications, such as methotrexate, azathioprine, or mycophenolate mofetil, may be added. To improve muscle function, mobility, and quality of life, physical therapy and occupational therapy may also be recommended.
Prevention
In order to prevent polymyositis from developing, there are currently no known strategies. It is possible, however, to reduce the risk of autoimmune conditions by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and adequate rest. It is also possible to minimize muscle damage, improve symptoms, and prevent complications by detecting polymyositis early and treating it promptly.
