Peyronie’s Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
A condition known as Peyronie's disease causes the penis to curvature, shorten, or change shape, as well as pain, erectile dysfunction, and emotional distress. This blog post explains what causes Peyronie's disease, how to recognize its symptoms, how to diagnose it, how to treat it, and how to prevent it.
What causes Peyronie’s disease?
The exact cause of Peyronie's disease is unclear, but some possible factors include: scar tissue (plaque) in the penis, which can make the penis less flexible and pull it in one direction when it becomes erect.
-
Injury or trauma to the penis, such as during sex, sports, or an accident.
-
Aging, which can make the penis tissue less elastic and more prone to damage.
-
Genetics, which can make some people more susceptible to developing scar tissue.
-
Connective tissue disorders, such as Dupuytren’s contracture or Ledderhose disease, which can affect other parts of the body as well.
What are the symptoms of Peyronie’s disease?
The main symptom of Peyronie’s disease is a curve or bend in the penis, which can vary in severity and direction. Some people may also experience:
-
Scar tissue that can be felt under the skin of the penis as flat lumps or a band of hard tissue.
-
Pain in the penis, especially during erections or sexual activity.
-
Erectile dysfunction, which is the inability to get or maintain an erection that is firm enough for sex.
-
Shortening or narrowing of the penis, or an hourglass-like appearance with a tight band around the shaft.
-
Emotional distress, such as anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, or relationship problems.
The symptoms of Peyronie’s disease usually develop gradually over time, but they can also appear suddenly. The condition can worsen or improve over time, but it rarely goes away on its own.
How is Peyronie’s disease diagnosed?
An examination of your physical condition and medical history will be required to diagnose Peyronie's disease. A physical exam will involve feeling your penis when it is not erect to locate and measure scar tissue. To assess the degree and direction of the curvature of your penis, the healthcare provider may ask you to take pictures of it when it is erect. Additional tests may be ordered in some cases, including:
-
Ultrasound, which uses sound waves to create images of the penis and the plaque.
-
X-ray, which uses radiation to create images of the penis and the plaque.
-
Blood tests, which can check for signs of infection, inflammation, or other conditions that may affect the penis.
How is Peyronie’s disease treated?
Treatment of Peyronie's disease depends on the severity of the symptoms, the stage of the condition, and the preferences of the patient and their healthcare provider.
-
When a person has mild or no symptoms, or is in the acute stages of the disease, watchful waiting may be an appropriate treatment option.
-
It is possible to reduce inflammation, pain, and curvature of the plaque with medications, such as pentoxifylline, potassium para-aminobenzoate, verapamil, interferon, and collagenase, which can be taken orally or injected. It is unclear whether these medications are effective and safe, and they may interact with other drugs or cause side effects.
-
Nonsurgical devices, such as vacuum pumps, traction devices, and penile extenders, can be used to stretch or straighten the penis. They may help improve the length, girth, and curvature of the penis, but require constant and prolonged use, and may cause irritation to the skin or discomfort.
-
To correct the curvature and restore function and appearance of the penis, surgery removes or alters the plaque or penis tissue. Some surgical procedures include plication, grafting, or implantation. Usually, surgery is reserved for those with severe or stable symptoms, who have not responded to other treatments, or who have significant erectile dysfunction. Complications and risks of surgery include infection, bleeding, nerve damage, and loss of sensation.
How can Peyronie’s disease be prevented?
There is no sure way to prevent Peyronie’s disease, but some possible measures that may reduce the risk or the severity of the condition include:
-
Avoiding or minimizing injury or trauma to the penis, such as by using lubrication and gentle techniques during sex, wearing protective gear during sports, or seeking medical attention for any penile wounds or infections.
-
Maintaining good health and hygiene, such as by eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, managing stress, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol intake, and keeping the penis clean and dry.
-
Seeking medical help early, such as by consulting a healthcare provider as soon as you notice any signs or symptoms of Peyronie’s disease, or any changes in your sexual function or satisfaction.
Despite the fact that Peyronie's disease can adversely affect the quality of life of many people with penises, with proper diagnosis and treatment, it can be managed and improved. You should speak with your healthcare provider or a qualified specialist if you have any concerns or questions about Peyronie's disease.
