This condition can cause discomfort and lead to complications if left untreated. Here's what you need to know about periorbital cellulitis:
Causes
Bacterial infections commonly cause periorbital cellulitis, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. A scratch, insect bite, or minor trauma around the eye can allow these bacteria to enter the skin. There are also underlying medical conditions that may increase the risk of developing periorbital cellulitis, including sinusitis, upper respiratory infections, or compromised immune functions.
Symptoms
As well as redness, swelling, and tenderness of the eyelids and surrounding tissues, periorbital cellulitis can cause warmth and pain in the affected area. You may also experience fever, headache, blurry vision, or difficulty moving your eye. In severe cases, periorbital cellulitis can lead to complications such as orbital cellulitis (infection of the tissues within the eye socket), abscess growth, or vision loss.
Diagnosis
Medical history, physical examination, and evaluation of symptoms are typically required to diagnose periorbital cellulitis. Physical examination may reveal signs of inflammation and swelling around the eyes. Healthcare providers may inquire about symptoms, recent illnesses, or injuries, as well as any underlying medical conditions that may contribute to the infection. Further tests, such as blood tests, imaging studies (such as CT scans or MRIs), or cultures of the affected area, may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
The goal of treatment for periorbital cellulitis is to eradicate the infection, reduce inflammation, and prevent complications. An oral or intravenous antibiotic may be used to target the causative bacteria and promote healing. An oral antibiotic may be prescribed for a period of seven to ten days in mild cases. Hospitalization and close monitoring may be necessary in severe or complex cases requiring intravenous antibiotics. To alleviate discomfort and reduce inflammation, pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed.
Periorbital cellulitis can be prevented by practicing good hygiene and taking precautions to prevent bacterial infections. You should avoid touching or rubbing your eyes with dirty hands, keep your eyelids clean, and treat any cuts, scratches, or insect bites around your eyes as soon as possible. Periorbital cellulitis can also be prevented by maintaining overall health and treating underlying medical conditions that weaken the immune system.
