It can be acute or chronic, and it may be caused by a variety of underlying conditions. Here are some things you need to know about pelvic pain:
Causes
Among the causes of pelvic pain are gynecological conditions like menstrual cramps, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID), and fibroids. In addition, it can be caused by urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder disorders, bowel disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), musculoskeletal problems, pelvic floor dysfunction, or nerve problems. It is possible for pelvic pain to be caused by pregnancy or childbirth, trauma, or psychological factors like stress or anxiety.
Symptoms
According to the underlying cause, pelvic pain can cause dull or sharp pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis, cramping, pressure or heaviness in the pelvic area, pain during intercourse, irregular menstrual cycles, urinary urgency or frequency, bowel changes, and difficulties sitting or moving. Besides fluctuating intensity and duration, pelvic pain can also be debilitating.
Diagnosis
When a healthcare provider diagnoses pelvic pain, a thorough medical history, physical examination, and assessment of symptoms are required in order to determine the underlying cause. It may be necessary to order additional diagnostic tests, such as pelvic ultrasounds, CT scans, MRIs, or laparoscopies, to visualize the pelvic organs. A urine analysis or blood test may also be performed to rule out infections or other systemic conditions.
Treatment
Pelvic pain treatment depends on the underlying cause, and a combination of approaches may be used to relieve symptoms and address the underlying cause. A mild to moderate amount of pelvic pain can be managed with conservative treatments like pain medication, heat therapy, or physical therapy exercises. In order to relieve pain and improve quality of life, hormonal therapies or surgical interventions may be necessary for conditions such as endometriosis and fibroids. Pelvic pain may also be treated with bladder training techniques, dietary modifications, or psychotherapy for psychological factors.
Prevention
Maintaining pelvic health and addressing risk factors that can contribute to pain are important for preventing pelvic pain. This includes practicing good hygiene, using protection during sexual activity to prevent infections, maintaining a healthy weight, managing chronic conditions such as IBS or IBD, and seeking prompt medical evaluation and treatment for pelvic symptoms or conditions. Furthermore, practicing stress-reduction techniques such as mindfulness or relaxation exercises may help prevent or alleviate pelvic pain.
