Pigeon chest, also called pectus carinatum, is a chest wall deformity characterized by protrusion of the sternum and ribs. Here are its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Causes
-
In structural abnormalities, the chest wall cartilage becomes abnormally enlarged, causing the sternum to protrude.
-
A genetic predisposition to pectus carinatum may exist, since it often runs in families.
-
When the chest wall undergoes significant changes during periods of rapid growth, such as puberty, pectus carinatum may become more noticeable.
-
Pectus carinatum may have unknown causes in some cases.
Symptoms
-
The most obvious symptom of pectus carinatum is the protrusion of the sternum, which may look like a prominent "pigeon chest."
-
During physical activity, individuals with pectus carinatum may experience chest pain or discomfort.
-
A severe case of pectus carinatum can restrict lung expansion, resulting in decreased exercise tolerance and shortness of breath.
-
Pectus carinatum may cause self-consciousness or body image concerns in adolescents and young adults.
Diagnosis
-
A healthcare provider can diagnose pectus carinatum by observing the protrusion of the sternum and evaluating any associated symptoms.
-
X-rays or CT scans may be ordered to assess the severity of the chest wall deformity and its impact on lung function.
-
To determine if pectus carinatum affects respiratory function, pulmonary function tests may be performed.
Treatment
-
A custom-fitted brace is worn over the chest to gradually apply pressure and reshape the chest wall over time. It is most effective when started during adolescence when the chest wall is still growing.
-
A surgical correction may be recommended when bracing is not effective or the deformity is severe. The procedure is known as a Ravitch or Nuss procedure, which reshapes the chest wall.
-
To alleviate associated symptoms such as chest pain, physical therapy may be recommended to improve chest wall mobility, strengthen supporting muscles, and improve chest wall mobility.
Prevention
-
Early detection and intervention can lead to more effective treatment outcomes, particularly during adolescence when the chest wall is still growing.
-
Healthcare providers should monitor individuals with pectus carinatum regularly to assess any changes in their condition and adjust treatment accordingly.
