Causes of Parathyroid Adenoma
A parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland. The exact cause of the adenoma is unknown, but it is thought to result from a mutation in its cells. As a result of this mutation, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is overproduced, which regulates calcium levels in the body.
Symptoms of Parathyroid Adenoma
Parathyroid adenoma symptoms include:
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Symptoms of hypercalcemia include fatigue, weakness, and constipation.
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Calcium in the urine may predispose to kidney stones.
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Changes in Bones: Weakening of bones due to excessive calcium loss (osteoporosis).
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In severe cases, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain may occur.
Diagnosis of Parathyroid Adenoma
A parathyroid adenoma is diagnosed by:
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Detecting hypercalcemia and elevated PTH levels in the blood through blood tests.
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The adenoma in the neck can be located using imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI.
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The Sestamibi Scan is a nuclear medicine scan that can detect overactive parathyroid tissue.
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A fine needle aspiration is occasionally performed to sample suspicious nodules.
Treatment of Parathyroid Adenoma
There are several treatment options available for parathyroid adenoma, including:
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The preferred treatment is surgical removal of the adenoma (parathyroidectomy).
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If surgery is not immediately necessary, calcium levels and symptoms should be closely monitored.
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For patients who are not surgical candidates, medications that lower calcium levels or block PTH production may be prescribed.
Prevention of Parathyroid Adenoma
Detecting and managing parathyroid adenoma early can be achieved by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and having regular medical checkups.
If left untreated, parathyroid adenomas can lead to serious complications, such as kidney damage or severe osteoporosis. In order to manage symptoms and prevent long-term complications, timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential. Regular follow-up with healthcare providers can ensure optimal treatment.
