Causes of Paracoccidioidomycosis
In rural areas of Central and South America, Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The disease is spread through inhalation of spores found in soil.
Symptoms of Paracoccidioidomycosis
The symptoms of PCM vary according to the type of infection:
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Pneumonia in its acute form is characterized by fever, cough, and respiratory symptoms.
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The chronic form involves skin lesions, ulcers, and mucosal involvement.
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When the infection spreads to other organs, such as the liver, spleen, and adrenal glands, it is called the disseminated form.
Diagnosis of Paracoccidioidomycosis
Diagnosing PCM involves:
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Evaluation based on symptoms and exposure history to endemic areas.
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Cultures of fungi, serological tests (such as complement fixation and immunodiffusion), and microscopic examination of tissue samples are all laboratory tests.
Treatment of Paracoccidioidomycosis
The goal of treatment is to eradicate the fungus and manage the symptoms:
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Itraconazole or fluconazole are commonly prescribed for mild to moderate cases, while amphotericin B injections may be required for severe cases.
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Care that relieves respiratory symptoms, skin lesions, and other complications.
Prevention of Paracoccidioidomycosis
Among the preventive measures are:
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Exposure can be avoided by minimizing contact with soil in endemic areas, especially for individuals with weakened immune systems.
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When working in agricultural or rural environments, wear masks and gloves.
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Educating populations in endemic areas about the disease and its risk factors.
A timely diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. Regular follow-ups and adherence to treatment plans are essential for preventing relapses and complications.
