Causes of Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
An inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) is unknown. A significant role is played by genetic factors, particularly the presence of the HLA-B27 gene. Environmental triggers may also be involved.
Symptoms of Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
The following symptoms are typically present:
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Usually worse at night or in the morning, chronic back pain lasts more than three months.
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With movement, stiffness in the lower back and hips improves.
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Tiredness and lack of energy are symptoms of fatigue.
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The pain and swelling in other joints, such as the knees or ankles, are called peripheral joint pain.
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The inflammation of the eye causes redness and pain, such as uveitis.
Diagnosis of Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
Diagnosis involves:
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Evaluation of symptoms and medical history.
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Check for signs of inflammation and reduced range of motion during a physical examination.
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MRI for detecting inflammation in the sacroiliac joints and spine.
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Tests for inflammation and HLA-B27 gene expression in the blood.
Treatment of Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
Inflammation is reduced and symptoms are managed:
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The purpose of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is to relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
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For patients with more severe symptoms, biologics such as TNF inhibitors or IL-17 inhibitors are available.
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Exercises to improve flexibility and strength are part of physical therapy.
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Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and not smoking are all lifestyle modifications.
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Using heat or cold therapy and other supportive measures to manage pain.
Prevention of Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
Although nr-axSpA cannot be completely prevented, certain measures can help manage risk and symptoms:
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Maintaining an active lifestyle to support joint health requires regular physical activity.
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Diet: Anti-inflammatory foods can help manage symptoms.
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Reducing smoking can decrease the severity of disease.
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Medical checkups: Early detection and management of symptoms can prevent progression.
Including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention strategies, this overview discusses non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.
