Causes of Neurotrophic Keratitis
This rare degenerative eye condition is caused by damage to or dysfunction of the trigeminal nerve that supplies sensation to the cornea. Nerve damage disrupts the cornea's ability to sense pain and causes a cascade of events that lead to progressive corneal damage. Causes include:
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Nerve fibers are damaged by herpes simplex virus.
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The shingles virus (herpes zoster) causes nerve damage.
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An injury to the eye or facial nerves is called a trauma.
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A neurological disorder is one that affects the nerves, such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or stroke.
Symptoms of Neurotrophic Keratitis
Symptoms may include:
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Sensitivity: Reduced or absent sensation in the affected eye.
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Abnormalities of the cornea: Such as thinning, ulceration, or erosion.
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Inflammation and redness of the cornea are caused by compromised corneal integrity.
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Light refraction is affected by corneal damage, which causes blurry vision.
Diagnosis of Neurotrophic Keratitis
Diagnosis involves:
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Evaluation of symptoms and examination of the eyes.
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A corneal sensitivity test measures how sensitive the cornea is to touch or pressure.
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To visualize corneal damage, ulcers, or erosions with fluorescein staining.
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Screening for underlying conditions: Blood tests or imaging studies to identify conditions associated with neurological or systemic problems.
Treatment of Neurotrophic Keratitis
The goal of treatment is to restore corneal health and prevent complications:
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Moisturizing and protecting the cornea with artificial tears and lubricants.
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Preventing or treating infections with topical antibiotics or antivirals.
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To protect the cornea, tarsorrhaphy involves partially sewing the eyelids together.
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An amniotic membrane transplant promotes healing and reduces inflammation.
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In severe cases, neurotrophic agents such as recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF) are used to promote corneal healing.
Prevention of Neurotrophic Keratitis
Preventive measures include:
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Reduce nerve damage by managing underlying conditions such as diabetes or herpes infections.
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During activities, use appropriate eye protection to avoid trauma to the eyes.
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Monitor corneal health and detect early signs of neurotrophic keratitis with regular eye exams.
A straightforward overview of neurotrophic keratitis explains its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention methods.
