Causes of Neuromyelitis Optica
Symptoms of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), also known as Devic's disease, include inflammation and damage to the optic nerves and spinal cord. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to be caused by autoimmune reactions targeting specific proteins in the central nervous system, such as aquaporin-4.
Symptoms of Neuromyelitis Optica
NMO can cause the following symptoms:
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Sudden loss of vision in one eye caused by optic neuritis.
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An inflammation of the spinal cord causing weakness or paralysis of the legs and arms, numbness, and bowel and bladder dysfunction.
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Affected areas experience severe, stabbing pain.
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Involvement of the brainstem area that controls nausea, vomiting, and hiccups.
Diagnosis of Neuromyelitis Optica
Diagnosis involves:
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Examining symptoms and neurological function based on the medical history and physical examination.
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To detect characteristic lesions and inflammation in the brain and spinal cord with MRI.
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The blood tests are used to rule out other conditions and sometimes to check for specific antibodies related to NMO.
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Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid: To detect signs of inflammation or infection.
Neuromyelitis Optica Treatment
The goal of treatment is to manage acute attacks and prevent relapses:
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The use of high-dose corticosteroids during acute attacks is intended to reduce inflammation.
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A plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) removes antibodies from the blood that contribute to the immune response.
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Prevent relapses and reduce disease activity with immunosuppressive medications, such as azathioprine, mycophenolate, or rituximab.
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Pain management and rehabilitation therapies are symptomatic treatments.
Prevention of Neuromyelitis Optica
To prevent relapses and complications, preventive measures focus on managing the condition:
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Monitoring disease activity and adjusting treatment as necessary: Regular medical follow-ups.
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Medication compliance: Especially immunosuppressive therapies to prevent disease exacerbations.
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Stress or infections can exacerbate symptoms, so avoid them.
The aim of this straightforward overview is to provide a basic understanding of neuromyelitis optica, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, and prevention methods.
