Causes of Nephrocalcinosis
A condition known as nephrocalcinosis causes calcium deposits in the kidneys.
-
Hyperparathyroidism
-
Renal tubular acidosis
-
Calcium hypercalcemia (high calcium levels)
-
High oxalate levels (hyperoxaluria)
-
Sponge kidney in the medulla
-
The use of certain medications, such as diuretics
Symptoms of Nephrocalcinosis
The following symptoms may occur:
-
Pain in the flanks or abdomen
-
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
-
Infections of the urinary tract frequently
-
Stones in the kidney
-
Fatigue
-
Nausea or vomiting
-
Polyuria (excessive urination)
Diagnosis of Nephrocalcinosis
Diagnosis involves:
-
Physical examination and medical history
-
Measurement of calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone levels in the blood
-
Testing urine for calcium and oxalate excretion
-
Ultrasound, CT scan, or X-ray studies are used to detect kidney calcifications
Treatment of Nephrocalcinosis
The treatment focuses on managing the underlying conditions and may include:
-
Calcium or oxalate-reducing medications
-
Prevent kidney stones with adequate hydration
-
Modifications to the diet to reduce calcium and oxalate intake
-
Hyperparathyroidism or other underlying disorders can be treated
-
Treatment of kidney stones and infections with pain management
Prevention of Nephrocalcinosis
Among the preventive measures are:
-
At-risk individuals should have their calcium and phosphate levels monitored regularly
-
Diluting urine by staying hydrated
-
Reducing risk factors by adhering to dietary recommendations
-
Follow-ups with healthcare providers to manage underlying conditions
Nephrocalcinosis is discussed in this overview, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention methods.
