Causes of Neonatal Sepsis
In newborns, sepsis is a severe infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
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Sepsis that occurs within the first 72 hours of life is often caused by pathogens acquired from the mother during childbirth.
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The term late-onset sepsis refers to sepsis that occurs after 72 hours, usually as a result of environmental exposure or hospitalization.
The following pathogens are common:
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Group B Streptococcus
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Escherichia coli
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Listeria monocytogenes
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Klebsiella species
Symptoms of Neonatal Sepsis
There may be a variety of symptoms, including:
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Feeding difficulties or poor nutrition
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Irritability or lethargy
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Rapid breathing or respiratory distress
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Fever or hypothermia
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Jaundice
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Abdominal distension
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Vomiting
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Skin rashes
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Seizures
Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis
Diagnosis involves:
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Physical examination
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Identification of causative organisms through blood cultures
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An assessment of white blood cell counts is performed with a complete blood count (CBC)
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Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP)
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Meningitis suspected lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid analysis
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If respiratory symptoms are present, a chest X-ray is recommended
Treatment of Neonatal Sepsis
Typical treatment includes:
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Based on culture results, broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics are administered
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Fluid management and respiratory support are part of supportive care
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Vital signs and organ function monitoring
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If indicated, antifungal or antiviral medications
Prevention of Neonatal Sepsis
Among the preventive measures are:
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Streptococcus Group B screening and treatment for pregnant women
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Mothers with risk factors should receive intrapartum antibiotics
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Maintaining strict hygiene in neonatal care
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Immunizations should be administered in a timely and appropriate manner
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Boosting the immune system of a newborn by breastfeeding
In this concise overview, you will learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and preventive measures of neonatal sepsis.
