Causes of Nelson Syndrome
In the case of Cushing's disease, Nelson syndrome occurs after the removal of both adrenal glands surgically. When adrenal glands are absent, pituitary adesnomas produce more adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which causes the tumor to grow and become more active.
Symptoms of Nelson Syndrome
Symptoms include:
-
Skin hyperpigmentation
-
Tumor-related visual disturbances or loss of vision
-
Headaches
-
ACTH levels that are elevated
-
Pituitary tumor enlargement
Diagnosis of Nelson Syndrome
The diagnosis involves:
-
Review of medical history, including previous adrenal surgery
-
Observation of changes in the skin during a physical examination
-
Tests to measure elevated ACTH levels in the blood
-
A CT or MRI scan of the brain is used to assess the size of a pituitary tumor
-
Tests of the visual field to determine if there is any loss of vision
Treatment of Nelson Syndrome
Among the treatment options are:
-
Pituitary tumor surgically resected
-
Controlling tumor growth with radiation therapy
-
Hormone management medications
-
Monitoring tumor size and ACTH levels on a regular basis
Prevention of Nelson Syndrome
Among the prevention strategies are:
-
Monitoring after adrenalectomy and regular follow-ups
-
Cushing's disease management alternatives to bilateral adrenalectomy
-
Pituitary tumors: early detection and management
Nelson syndrome is discussed here, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention strategies.
