In addition to myopia, nearsightedness affects your ability to clearly see distant objects. Light rays are focused in front of your retina (the light-sensitive layer at the back of your eye) when your eye shape or the curvature of your cornea (the clear front surface of your eye) instead of on it because of the shape and curvature of your eye. The condition usually develops in childhood or adolescence, and it becomes more severe with age. The condition can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery.
Causes
Nearsightedness is most likely caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Here are some possible causes or risk factors:
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Nearsightedness in the family.
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Doing close-up work, such as reading, writing, or using a computer.
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Low exposure to natural sunlight or outdoor activities.
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The presence of certain eye diseases or conditions, such as cataracts or glaucoma.
Symptoms
Nearsightedness is characterized by blurry vision when looking at distant objects, such as road signs, chalkboards, or TV screens.
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Squinting or trying to focus your eyes can cause headaches or eye strain.
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In dim light or at night, it is difficult to see.
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Sitting closer to the TV or front of the class would be helpful.
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Frequently changing prescriptions for eyeglasses or contact lenses.
Diagnosis
An eye doctor (optometrist or ophthalmologist) will perform a comprehensive eye examination to diagnose nearsightedness. The exam may include:
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The ability to see letters and numbers on a chart at different distances is measured with a visual acuity test.
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A phoropter is used to determine the best lens power to correct your vision during a refraction test.
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A slit-lamp exam examines the cornea, iris, and lens of your eye using a microscope and bright light.
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An ophthalmoscope is used to examine the retina, optic nerve, and blood vessels in the back of your eye.
Treatment
A common treatment for nearsightedness is to improve your vision and prevent further deterioration.
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Wearing glasses is the simplest and safest way to correct nearsightedness. They work by bending light rays that enter your eye, so that they focus on your retina.
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As with eyeglasses, contact lenses are thin, curved discs that fit over the cornea and correct your vision. In addition to providing better peripheral vision and cosmetic appearance, they also require more care and hygiene to prevent eye infections.
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Different types of surgery can be performed to improve your vision, including laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and implantable collamer lenses (ICLs). The surgery may provide a permanent or long-term solution to nearsightedness, but there are also some risks and side effects, including dry eyes, glare, halos, or infection. Before undergoing surgery, talk with your eye doctor about the benefits and drawbacks.
Prevention
Nearsightedness cannot be prevented, but you can slow down its progression or reduce its severity by taking the following steps:
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It is important to have regular eye exams, especially during childhood and adolescence, in order to detect and treat nearsightedness as early as possible.
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Take frequent breaks to rest your eyes, and limit your time spent on near work, such as reading, writing, or using digital devices.
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Sunlight exposure or outdoor activities may stimulate your eyes' growth and development.
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When outdoors, wear sunglasses or hats to protect your eyes from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.
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Consuming foods rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants may support eye health and vision.
