Causes
In the heart, mitral stenosis is characterized by narrowing of the mitral valve, usually caused by:
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Heart valve scarring is a complication of untreated streptococcal infection.
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A congenital heart defect affects the structure of the mitral valve at birth.
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Often associated with aging, calcium deposits build up on the mitral valve.
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A stenosis can also be caused by tumors or infections affecting the valve.
Symptoms
Mitral stenosis may cause the following symptoms:
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The feeling of being tired or lacking energy is called fatigue.
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Breathing difficulties, especially during physical activity.
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Exertion can worsen chest pain.
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The sensation of a rapid or irregular heartbeat is known as heart palpitations.
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Inflammation of the ankles or feet caused by fluid retention.
Diagnosis
Mitral stenosis is diagnosed by:
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Examine the heart for abnormal sounds (murmurs) indicative of valve problems.
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Using ultrasound, echocardiography assesses the structure and function of the heart's valves.
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An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the heart's electrical activity to detect irregularities.
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Catheterization of the heart is an invasive procedure used to measure pressures within the heart chambers and assess valve function.
Treatment
There are several treatment options for mitral stenosis, depending on the severity of symptoms and the condition of the valve:
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Diuretics to control fluid retention, and sometimes medications to prevent blood clots or control heart rhythm.
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A balloon catheter is used to widen a narrowed mitral valve in a minimally invasive procedure called balloon valve valvuloplasty.
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Repair or replacement of the valve: Open-heart surgery to repair or replace it.
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Individuals with a history of rheumatic fever should receive prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures.
Prevention
In order to prevent mitral stenosis, it is important to manage the following conditions that can damage the valve:
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Rheumatic fever can be prevented by treating streptococcal infections promptly.
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Maintaining a healthy lifestyle involves eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking.
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Visits to the doctor regularly for monitoring and early detection of heart valve problems.
Conclusion
In mitral stenosis, the narrowing of the mitral valve affects heart function, causing fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest pain. It is crucial to make an early diagnosis through imaging and physical examination to determine the appropriate treatment, which may include medications, minimally invasive procedures, or surgery. A cardiologist can provide timely intervention and personalized care for individuals with mitral stenosis by addressing the underlying causes and maintaining heart health.
