Causes
As a result of damage to the glomeruli, the tiny blood vessels that filter waste and excess fluids from the blood, minimal change disease (MCD) is a kidney disorder. A kidney leak of protein is believed to be the cause of MCD, but the exact cause is not known.
Symptoms
The following symptoms may be associated with minimal change disease:
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Foamy urine is caused by excess protein in the urine.
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An edema is a swelling caused by fluid retention, especially around the eyes, ankles, and feet.
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Feeling tired or weak due to fatigue.
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Fluid accumulation causes rapid weight gain.
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Fluid retention and edema can result from hypoalbuminemia.
Diagnosis
Minimal change disease is diagnosed by:
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Analyzing urine samples for proteinuria and other abnormalities.
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Albumin and other kidney function markers are measured in blood tests.
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To confirm the diagnosis and rule out other kidney diseases, a small sample of kidney tissue is removed for examination under a microscope.
Treatment
Minimal change disease is treated by reducing proteinuria and managing symptoms:
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Prednisone is commonly prescribed to suppress abnormal immune responses and reduce kidney inflammation.
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Medications such as cyclophosphamide or tacrolimus may be used to suppress the immune system in some cases.
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A diuretic is a medication that reduces fluid retention and swelling in the body.
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Limiting salt and protein intake may help manage edema and reduce kidney strain.
Prevention
In order to prevent minimal change disease, prevention strategies focus on managing symptoms and preventing complications:
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Monitoring kidney function regularly with urine tests and blood tests to detect any changes as soon as possible.
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Adherence to prescribed medications is essential to controlling symptoms and preventing relapses.
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A healthy lifestyle includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking.
Conclusion
Usually occurring in children, minimal change disease is characterized by proteinuria and edema, but can also occur in adults. Despite the fact that the cause is still unknown, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive medications are often effective in treating the condition. In order to maintain kidney function and overall health, early diagnosis and prompt treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. However, ongoing monitoring and management are often necessary.
