Causes
Hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis (an increase in blood pH), and kidney dysfunction are all symptoms of milk-alkali syndrome. Calcium-alkali syndrome occurs when excessive amounts of calcium and absorbable alkalis (such as antacids) are consumed over an extended period of time. Milk-alkali syndrome is caused by a combination of high calcium intake, often from milk and calcium supplements, and alkali medications.
Symptoms
Milk-alkali syndrome may cause the following symptoms:
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The most common early symptom is persistent nausea and vomiting.
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It is possible to experience abdominal pain, especially in the upper region.
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Calcium levels can cause mental confusion or altered mental status.
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Symptoms of kidney dysfunction include decreased urine output, fluid retention, and electrolyte imbalances.
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Electrolyte disturbances can cause muscle weakness or fatigue.
Diagnosis
In order to diagnose milk-alkali syndrome, you must:
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Assessment of symptoms and medical history, focusing on calcium and alkali intake.
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To confirm hypercalcemia, serum calcium levels are measured.
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Tests electrolyte levels in the blood to detect alkalosis and other abnormalities.
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Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels are used to assess kidney function.
Treatment
Milk-alkali syndrome is typically treated with:
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Immediately discontinue calcium supplements and alkali agents responsible for the syndrome.
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Intravenous fluid replacement restores hydration and corrects electrolyte imbalances.
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To prevent complications, serum calcium and electrolyte levels are continuously monitored.
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In severe cases, diuretics may be used to enhance calcium excretion.
Prevention
Milk-alkali syndrome can be prevented by:
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Calcium Intake: Avoiding excessive consumption of calcium supplements and calcium-rich foods, especially when combined with absorbable alkalis.
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A balanced diet should include calcium sources without excessive supplementation.
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Calcium supplementation requires regular monitoring and medical supervision, especially for individuals at risk of hypercalcemia.
Conclusion
Intake of excessive calcium and absorbable alkali can cause milk-alkali syndrome, which is rare but potentially serious. To prevent complications, it must be diagnosed and treated promptly as it manifests with symptoms related to hypercalcemia and metabolic alkalosis. Calcium and alkali intake must be discontinued, supportive care must be provided, and electrolyte balance must be monitored. In order to mitigate the risk of developing milk-alkali syndrome, calcium supplementation and dietary management are crucial. Early recognition and intervention are crucial for ensuring good outcomes.
