A rare neurological condition called microcephaly affects the brain's size and development. We will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of microcephaly in this blog post. It can result in intellectual disabilities, seizures, and vision loss, among other physical and mental problems.
Causes of Microcephaly
A variety of genetic and environmental factors can lead to microcephaly. These include:
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During cranial synostosis, the joints between the bones of the skull fuse too early, preventing the brain from growing normally.
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In some genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, chromosomes, which carry genetic information, can be abnormally shaped or numbered.
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A lack of oxygen to the fetal brain can be caused by complications during pregnancy or delivery, such as placental abruption, umbilical cord prolapse, or maternal bleeding.
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The developing brain of the fetus can be damaged by infections during pregnancy, such as rubella, cytomegalovirus, and Zika virus.
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Drugs, alcohol, or toxic chemicals in the womb can interfere with normal brain development.
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Malnutrition during pregnancy can negatively affect the fetal brain's supply of nutrients and oxygen.
Symptoms of Microcephaly
As a result of microcephaly, the child's head is much smaller than the average for their age and gender. Using a tape measure, the width of the head is measured. The measurement is then compared with the standard growth chart for children.
Microcephaly may also cause the following symptoms:
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A sagging forehead
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Speech, motor, or cognitive delays
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Problems with balance and coordination
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A small stature
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Distortions of the face
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Anxiety
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A seizure
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Disabilities intellectuals
Symptom severity depends on the severity of microcephaly and the underlying cause.
Diagnosis of Microcephaly
It is possible to diagnose microcephaly before or after birth. Among the methods used for diagnosis are:
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A prenatal ultrasound can detect microcephaly in the third trimester of pregnancy by using sound waves to create images of the fetus inside the womb.
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Measurement of the newborn's or child's head circumference and checking for other signs of microcephaly are part of the physical examination.
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X-rays or magnetic fields are used in CT scans and MRIs to produce detailed images of the brain. These images can reveal any abnormalities or defects in the structure and function of the brain.
Treatment of Microcephaly
Microcephaly can't be cured, but early intervention can help improve the child's development and quality of life. Some treatment options include:
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This can help control seizures, hyperactivity, or other symptoms that may affect the child's health.
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Children can benefit from speech, physical, and occupational therapy, which can improve their language, voice, swallowing, strength, movement, coordination, and daily living skills.
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Children with special needs can receive individualized learning and support according to their abilities and needs.
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A child with microcephaly and his or her family may benefit from counseling to cope with the emotional and social challenges they face.
Prevention of Microcephaly
There is no guarantee that microcephaly can be prevented, especially if it is caused by genetic factors. However, there are some preventive measures that may reduce the risk, including:
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During pregnancy, it is important to visit the doctor regularly to monitor the health of the mother and fetus, and to detect and treat any complications or infections.
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It involves getting vaccinated against certain diseases, such as rubella, which can cause microcephaly during pregnancy.
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The prevention of drugs, alcohol, and toxic chemicals: This involves avoiding or limiting exposure to substances that can harm fetal brain development, such as alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs.
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For the fetal brain to receive the necessary nutrients and oxygen, you should eat a balanced and healthy diet during pregnancy.
