Causes
A kidney disorder called membranous nephropathy occurs when the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys that filter waste and excess substances from the blood are damaged.
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It is believed that the immune system mistakenly attacks the kidneys in idiopathic (primary) kidney disease.
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It may be associated with other conditions such as infections (hepatitis B, hepatitis C), autoimmune diseases (lupus), certain medications (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gold therapy), and cancers.
Symptoms
Membranous nephropathy can cause the following symptoms:
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A high level of protein in the urine can cause a foamy appearance to the urine.
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As a result of fluid retention, edema causes swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, and around the eyes.
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Due to protein loss through urine, hypoalbuminemia results in low levels of albumin in the blood.
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The presence of high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood is called hyperlipidemia.
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In general, fatigue is a feeling of tiredness and weakness.
Diagnosis
The following steps are involved in diagnosing membranous nephropathy:
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Proteinuria and other urine abnormalities can be detected by urine tests.
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Assessment of kidney function, albumin levels, and lipid levels through blood tests.
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An ultrasound or CT scan can be used to evaluate the kidneys.
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An examination of a small sample of kidney tissue under a microscope confirms the diagnosis and determines the extent of the damage.
Treatment
There are a number of treatments available for membranous nephropathy that aim to reduce symptoms, control underlying causes, and prevent complications. Examples include:
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Medications include:
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The purpose of immunosuppressants is to reduce the activity of the immune system and inflammation in the kidneys.
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Inflammation can be reduced with corticosteroids.
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A common symptom of kidney disease is high blood pressure, which can be managed with antihypertensives.
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Fluid retention and edema can be reduced with diuretics.
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Controlling high cholesterol with statins.
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Changes in lifestyle:
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Reducing salt intake and managing protein intake to minimize edema.
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Exercise regularly: Improves overall health and manages symptoms.
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It is important to avoid nephrotoxic substances, such as certain medications and excessive alcohol consumption.
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Prevention
Membranous nephropathy can be prevented by managing risk factors and underlying conditions:
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Preventing and treating infections promptly, especially hepatitis B and C.
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The management of autoimmune diseases involves regular monitoring and treatment.
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To prevent kidney damage, use medications responsibly and under medical supervision.
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Maintain a healthy lifestyle by eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding substances that can harm your kidneys.
Conclusion
An effective treatment for membranous nephropathy requires careful management to prevent progression to kidney failure. Understanding the causes, recognizing symptoms early, and seeking prompt medical attention are crucial. In order to manage membranous nephropathy and maintain better kidney health, individuals need to address underlying conditions and adopt a healthy lifestyle.
