Causes
A variety of underlying conditions can cause membraneoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), a type of kidney disease characterized by changes to the kidney's glomeruli.
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Hepatitis B and C are chronic infections.
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Lupus is an example of an autoimmune disease.
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A rare genetic disorder can predispose individuals to MPGN.
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Paraproteinemias and certain cancers are other conditions.
Symptoms
MPGN can cause a variety of symptoms depending on severity and progression. Common symptoms include:
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Urinary proteinuria: A high level of protein in the urine.
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The presence of blood in the urine may be visible or microscopic.
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As a result of fluid retention, edema causes swelling in the legs, ankles, and around the eyes.
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The term hypertension refers to high blood pressure.
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In general, fatigue is a feeling of tiredness and weakness.
Diagnosis
There are several steps involved in diagnosing MPGN:
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Proteinuria and hematuria can be detected with urine tests.
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Tests of kidney function and underlying conditions are performed through blood tests.
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An ultrasound or CT scan can be used to examine the kidneys.
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A kidney biopsy is performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of MPGN.
Treatment
MPGN is treated by managing symptoms, treating underlying causes, and slowing kidney damage progression. Common treatment approaches include:
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Medications include:
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Kidney inflammation can be reduced with immunosuppressants.
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The purpose of antihypertensives is to control high blood pressure.
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Edema can be reduced with diuretics.
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Underlying Conditions: Managing infections or autoimmune diseases that may contribute to MPGN.
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Changes in diet: Reducing salt and protein intake to ease kidney workload.
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For advanced cases, dialysis may be necessary to perform the kidney's filtering function.
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A kidney transplant may be considered for patients with end-stage kidney disease.
Prevention
In order to prevent MPGN, risk factors and underlying conditions need to be managed:
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Treatment of infections promptly, especially hepatitis B and C.
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The management of autoimmune diseases involves regular monitoring and treatment.
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Maintaining a healthy lifestyle means eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding substances that can harm the kidneys, such as non-prescribed medications and excessive alcohol consumption.
Conclusion
In order to prevent kidney failure, membraneproliferative glomerulonephritis needs careful management. For effective treatment, it is important to understand the causes, recognize the symptoms early, and seek medical attention as soon as possible. Managing MPGN and maintaining good kidney health can be achieved by addressing underlying conditions and adopting a healthy lifestyle.
