Causes
Meibomianitis (MGD) is an inflammation of the meibomian glands located along the edges of the eyelids. These glands produce the oily layer of the tear film.
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Inflammation and dysfunction can result from a blockage of the meibomian glands.
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Inflammation of the glands can be caused by bacteria on the eyelids.
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Changes in hormone levels, especially during puberty, menopause, or due to androgen deficiency, can affect glandular function.
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Blepharitis: Chronic inflammation of the eyelids can lead to meibomianitis.
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A dry or windy climate, prolonged screen time, and contact lens use can contribute to gland dysfunction.
Symptoms
The following symptoms of meibomianitis can affect the comfort and health of your eyes:
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A feeling of grittiness or dryness in the eyes.
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An eyeburn or stinging sensation.
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Eyelid itching, especially along the lash line.
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The margins of the eyelids are red and inflamed.
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Swelling of the eyelids, often accompanied by tenderness.
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A tear film that is unstable causes temporary blurriness in vision.
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When you wake up, crusts form along the margins of your eyelids.
Diagnosis
A comprehensive eye examination is required to diagnose meibomianitis:
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An assessment of the patient's symptoms, duration, and any contributing factors.
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Examination of the eyelids and openings of the meibomian glands.
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Analyzing the stability and composition of tear films.
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Meibography involves imaging the meibomian glands to determine their structure and function.
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Press gently on the eyelids to express and examine gland secretions.
Treatment
Meibomianitis is treated by relieving symptoms and improving gland function:
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To soften and unblock the glands, apply warm compresses to the eyelids.
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Regularly clean your eyelid margins with mild cleansers or commercial eyelid scrubs.
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Dryness and discomfort can be relieved by using artificial tears.
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Inflammation and bacterial infection can be treated with antibiotic ointments or oral antibiotics.
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Eye drops containing lipids to restore the tear film's oily layer.
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Dietary supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids.
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Treatments in-office: Meibomian gland expression, intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy, or thermal pulsation devices.
Prevention
Meibomianitis can be managed and reduced with the following preventive measures:
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Maintaining good eyelid hygiene prevents gland blockage and bacterial infection.
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To reduce eye strain and dryness, take regular breaks during prolonged screen use.
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To keep the eyes moist in dry environments, use humidifiers.
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Windy or dusty conditions require protective eyewear, such as sunglasses.
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To support gland function, consume a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
Conclusion
Inflammation of the meibomian glands causes dry eyes, redness, and discomfort, a common symptom of meibomianitis. A successful treatment protocol must include understanding its causes, recognizing symptoms early, obtaining an accurate diagnosis, and following appropriate treatment protocols. It is possible to reduce the risk and improve the overall health and comfort of the eyes by taking preventative measures and receiving regular eye care.
