Causes
B cells in the marginal zone of the lymphoid tissue are the source of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. MZL is not known for certain, but it is believed that it results from a combination of genetic mutations and environmental factors that cause lymphocytes to grow uncontrollably.
Symptoms
Marginal zone lymphoma may cause the following symptoms:
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An enlarged lymph node, usually in the neck, armpits, or groin.
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Defining fatigue as persistent tiredness or weakness.
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A low-grade fever that may come and go.
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Sweating excessively at night.
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Significant weight loss without dietary or exercise changes.
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Pain in the abdomen, especially if the lymphoma affects the spleen or other abdominal organs.
Diagnosis
Marginal zone lymphoma is typically diagnosed by:
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A healthcare provider will perform a physical exam to check for abnormalities such as enlarged lymph nodes.
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Tests for blood cell counts and inflammation markers may be conducted via blood tests.
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CT scans, PET scans, or MRI scans may be ordered to visualize lymph nodes and other organs and determine the extent of the disease.
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MZL is often confirmed by a biopsy of an enlarged lymph node or other affected tissue. During a biopsy, a small sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for abnormal cells characteristic of lymphoma.
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A bone marrow biopsy may be performed in some cases to determine whether the bone marrow is involved in the disease.
Treatment
There are several treatment options for marginal zone lymphoma, depending on the subtype, the extent of the disease, and the individual's overall health.
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"Watchful waiting": For indolent (slow-growing) MZL, treatment may be delayed until symptoms appear or the disease progresses.
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Cancer cells can be killed and tumors can be shrunk with chemotherapy drugs.
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Cancer cells can be targeted and destroyed with immunotherapy drugs such as rituximab.
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Cancer cells can be targeted and destroyed with radiation therapy.
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An example of targeted therapy is the use of drugs that interfere with specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth and survival.
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Individuals with recurrent or refractory MZL may benefit from a stem cell transplant.
Prevention
There is no specific way to prevent marginal zone lymphoma because there is no known cause. It is possible, however, to reduce your risk of developing lymphoma and other cancers by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding exposure to known carcinogens.
Conclusion
While the exact cause of marginal zone lymphoma remains unclear, prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help manage the disease and improve outcomes. Individuals diagnosed with MZL can develop an effective treatment plan tailored to their needs by understanding the symptoms, seeking timely medical evaluation, and exploring available treatment options.
