Causes
Various factors can affect the production, function, or delivery of sperm in men:
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Imbalances in hormones such as testosterone, FSH, and LH.
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Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder.
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Varicoceles, which are obstructions in the reproductive tract, are structural problems.
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STIs or other infections that affect the health of sperm.
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Smoking, excessive alcohol use, drug use, obesity, and exposure to toxins are lifestyle factors.
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Diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and cancer treatments are medical conditions.
Symptoms
Infertility in men is characterized by the inability to conceive a child. Other symptoms include:
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Erectile dysfunction or difficulty with ejaculation are examples of sexual dysfunction.
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Discomfort or swelling in the testicular region.
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Changes in sexual function or secondary sexual characteristics caused by hormonal imbalances.
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Hair growth is reduced on the face or body.
Diagnosis
The following tests and evaluations are used to diagnose male infertility:
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Assessment of health, lifestyle, and sexual history.
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An examination of the genitals is performed to determine whether there are any abnormalities.
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Evaluation of sperm count, motility, and morphology in the sperm.
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Tests for hormone levels such as testosterone and FSH.
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Identifying potential genetic causes through genetic testing.
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Ultrasounds are used to detect structural problems.
Treatment
Depending on the underlying cause, male infertility can be treated in several ways:
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Infections are treated with medications or hormonal treatments.
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Structures such as varicoceles or blockages can be corrected through surgery.
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In vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are assisted reproductive technologies.
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Changing your lifestyle includes improving your diet, quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, and managing your weight.
Prevention
Some measures can help reduce the risk of male infertility, although not all cases can be prevented:
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Maintaining a healthy weight, a balanced diet, and regular exercise.
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Limiting exposure to chemicals, radiation, and environmental toxins.
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Diabetes and hypertension are chronic conditions that require proper management.
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Medical Checkups: Routine health screenings and addressing any health issues as soon as possible.
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Preventing STIs that affect fertility through safe sexual practices.
Conclusion
Various factors contribute to male infertility, including hormonal imbalances, genetic problems, structural problems, infections, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions. In addition to inability to conceive, other possible symptoms include sexual dysfunction and testicular pain. A diagnosis includes a medical history, a physical examination, semen analysis, hormonal testing, genetic testing, and imaging tests. Prevention focuses on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding toxins, managing chronic conditions, getting regular checkups, and practicing safe sexual practices. Treatment options include medication, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies, and lifestyle changes.
